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Ogy > 4.2 Speciation U4 > Flashcards

4.2 Speciation U4 Flashcards

1
Q

What is speciation?

A

the formation of a new & distinct species
via evolution
separates & develops unique characteristics

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2
Q

What are the types of species concepts?

A

Biological
Morphological
Recognition
Cohesion
Ecological
Evolution
Pluralistic

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3
Q

What is Biological Species Concept?

A

Reproductive Isolation
not necessarily easy to apply

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4
Q

hat is Morphological Species Concept?

A

Phenotypic Differences(fossil species)

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5
Q

What is Recognition Species Concept?

A

Mating recognition

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6
Q

What is Cohesion Species Concept?

A

Persistence of discrete phenotypes

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7
Q

What is Ecological Species Concept?

A

Filling of ecological niches
Competition for resources

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8
Q

What is Evolution Species Concept?

A

Evolutionary lineages

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9
Q

What is Pluralistic Species Concept?

A

Combinations of the others as appropriate

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10
Q

What are the types of selection on polygenic traits?

A

Normal
Stabilizing
Directional
Disruptive

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11
Q

What Normal distribution on polygenic traits?

A

Bell shaped trend

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12
Q

What is Stabilizing Selection on polygenic traits?

A

removes extreme variations
narrows width of distribution

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13
Q

What is Directional Selection on polygenic traits?

A

favors one extreme
shifts right or left

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14
Q

What is Disruptive Selection on polygenic traits?

A

favors both extremes
creates a bimodal distribution

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15
Q

What is allopatric speciation?

A

Gene flow is interrupted due to geographical isolation

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16
Q

What is sympatric speciation?

A

Speciation that occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area

17
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Pre Zygotic?

A

Temporal
Ecological
Behavioural
Mechanical
Geographic Isolation

18
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Post Zygotic?

A

Hybrid Inviability
Hybrid Infertility
Hybrid Breakdown

19
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Pre Zygotic: Temporal? ex

A

Occurs when two species mate at different times of year
Frogs live in same pond but breed during different seasons

20
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Pre Zygotic: Ecological? ex

A

Occurs when two species occupy different habitats
Lions and tigers can interbreed, but occupy different habitats

21
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Pre Zygotic: Behavioral? ex

A

Occurs when two species have different courtship behaviours
Certain groups of birds will only respond to species-specific mating call

22
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Pre Zygotic: Mechanical? ex

A

Occurs when physical differences prevent copulation/pollination
Certain breeds of dog are morphologically incapable of mating due to size

23
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Pre Zygotic: Geographic Isolation? ex

A

Seperated by physical barriers
Kaibab Squirrel and Abert Squirrel live on diff sides of the grand canyon

24
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Post Zygotic: Hybrid Inviability? ex

A

Hybrids are produced but fail to develop to reproductive maturity
Certain types of frogs form hybrid tadpoles that die before they can become a frog

25
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Post Zygotic: Hybrid Infertility? ex

A

Hybrids fail to produce functional gametes(sterility)
Mules are sterile hybrids resulting from mating between a horse and a donkey

26
Q

Isolating Mechanisms- Post Zygotic: Hybrid Breakdown? ex

A

F1 hybrids are fertile, but F2 generation fails to develop properly
The offspring of hybrid copepods have less potential for survival or reproduction

27
Q

What is macroevolution?

A

Large-scale transformation in a taxonomic group, including the evolution of new species

28
Q

What is Microevolution?

A

Only deals with allele frequencies changing within a specific population

29
Q

What does extinction influence?

A

Can influence speciation and other evolutionary patterns

30
Q

What is Mass Extinction?

A

Many species become extinct in a short time period

31
Q

What is adaptive radiation?

A

Single ancestral species diverges into several different forms adapted to slightly different environments

32
Q

What is the tempo of evolution? ex

A

Rate of evolution is variable

33
Q

What is Gradualism?

A

slow and steady

34
Q

What is Punctuated Equilibrium?

A

Periods of equilibrium disrupted by periods of rapid change

35
Q

What is coevolution?

A

Evolution of at least two species in a mutually dependent manner

Ogy (20 decks)

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