5.4 Plants in Genral-ish U5 Flashcards
What are the 6 root system traits? (HINT: stores, transports, produces, interacts, absorbs, anchors)
Anchor plant in ground
Absorb water and minerals from soil
Store surplus sugar
Transports materials
Produces some hormones
Interacts with soil fungi and microorganisms that provide nutrients to the plant
What are the 5 shoot system traits? (HINT: click*, Transport, store, ____produce, hormones)
Photosynthesis (mainly in leaves and young green stems)
Transports materials: H2O, minerals, sugar, and hormones (stems)
Food storage
Reproduction (e.g. flowers)
Hormone synthesis
What in plants is made up of Dermal, Vascular and Ground?
The roots, stems, and leaves of plants
What tissues are the roots, stems and leaves of plants made up of?
Dermal
Vascular
Ground
What is dermal tissue?
the protective outer covering of the plant body
what is the outer surface of the epidermis?
Cuticle
What is the epidermis?
In young plants, it consists of a single layer of cells called the epidermis
What is the cuticle?
a waxy coating that protects against water loss
What is vascular tissue?
transports materials throughout the plant
What are the two types of vascular tissue?
Xylem and Phloem
What is Xylem?
transports water and minerals up from roots
What is Phloem?
transports sugar, water, amino acids, and hormones throughout the plant
What is ground tissue?
Plant tissue that is neither dermal or vascular
What does the ground tissue do?
Produces and stores sugars, and contributes to the physical support of the plant
What are the edible portions of plants usually made of?
Ground tissue
What are meristems?
regions of unspecialized cells in which mitosis produces new cells that are ready for differentiation
Where are meristems found?
tips of roots and stems, in the buds and nodes of stems, between the phloem and xylem, and under the epidermis
What are meristem cells analogous to in animals?
animal stem cells
Do plants stop growing in adulthood?
Nope
Where is the apical meristem and what is it protected by?
Roots have an apical meristem that is protected by a root cap
what are root hairs?
The cells of the epidermis of the roots typically have elongated structures
What do root hairs do?
increase the surface area with which the roots obtain water
What are nodules?
Nitrogen-fixing plants have specialized root structures call nodules that house bacteria that can fix Nitrogen.
What is nitrogen fixing? (use nodules)
is the process by which bacteria in root nodules convert Nitrogen gas to ammonia. After the Nitrogen is converted, organisms use the ammonia and others convert it into nitrate or nitrite.
Why is nitrogen fixing important?
This is important because even though Nitrogen gas is abundant most organisms can’t use it!
What are Stomata?
pores (on the underside of leaves) that allow for gas exchange
What do guard cells do?
that regulate the opening and closing of the stoma.
Where are guard cells found?
Each stoma (singular) is flanked by two guard cells
Where are mesophyll cells?
The leaf is made up of mesophyll cells,
What is in mesophyll cells?
which are packed with chloroplasts, site of photosynthesis
