6.1, 6.2 & 6.3

Question 1

Acquisition

Answer 1

the initial phase of learning where response is established

Question 2

Classical Conditioning

Answer 2

Linking neutral stimulus with a meaningful response

Question 3

Conditioned emotional response

Answer 3

Emotional response to a specific situation or object

Question 4

Conditioned Stimulus (CS)

Answer 4

Stimulus which triggers conditioned response

Question 5

Conditioned Response (CR)

Answer 5

learned response occurs in reactions to CS

Question 6

Conditioned Taste Aversion

Answer 6

dislike towards a specific food because it caused illness

Question 7

Discrimination (Pavlovian)

Answer 7

learned response to original stimulus but not new stimulus

Question 8

Extinction (Pavlovian)

Answer 8

Reduction of CR when CS and US occur together

Question 9

Generalization (Pavlovian)

Answer 9

the response that original occurred for one stimulus occurs for other similar stimulus .

Question 10

Latent Inhibition

Answer 10

Frequent experience with stimulus before paired with US makes it less likely that conditioning will occur after a single episode of illness

Question 11

Learning

Answer 11

Knowledge or behaviour gained through experience

Question 12

Preparedness

Answer 12

biological predisposition to rapidly learn a response to particular stimuli

Question 13

spontaneous recovery

Answer 13

reoccurrence of previously extinct conditioned response

Question 14

Unconditioned Response (UR)

Answer 14

unlearned, reflexive natural reaction to unconditioned stimulus

Question 15

Unconditional Stimulus (US)

Answer 15

a stimulus that inflicts response without learning

Question 16

Applied Behaviour Analysis

Answer 16

Close observation, reinforcement, and prompting to teach behaviours

Question 17

Avoidance learning

Answer 17

Negative reinforcement causing avoidance of specific event of stimulus (ex. Paying bills on time to avoid late fees)

Question 18

Chaining

Answer 18

Linking together shaped behaviours into a complex action

Question 19

continuous reinforcement

Answer 19

reinforcement after each response

Question 20

discriminative stimulus

Answer 20

cue that indicates response is going to be reinforce

Question 21

escape learning

Answer 21

response removes stimulus that is already present

Question 22

fixed-interval schedule

Answer 22

reinforces the first response after a set amount of time

Question 23

fixed ratio schedule

Answer 23

reinforcement after specific number of responses are completed

Question 24

law of effect

Answer 24

responses followed by satisfaction will occur again, those without satisfaction will not

Question 25

negative punishment

Answer 25

taking away something positive

Question 26

Negative reinforcement

Answer 26

removing something unpleasant

Question 27

operant conditioning

Answer 27

a way of learning where behaviors are shaped by rewards or punishments.

Question 28

partial reinforcement

Answer 28

only a certain number of responses are awarded

Question 29

partial reinforcement effect

Answer 29

resist extinction longer than those under continuous reinforcement

Question 30

positive punishment

Answer 30

adding something unpleasent

Question 31

Positive reinforcement

Answer 31

adding something desirable

Question 32

primary reinforcer

Answer 32

reinforcer that meets basic human needs (food, water sexual contact)

Question 33

Punisher

Answer 33

stimulus based on response resulting in decreased behaviour

Question 34

Punishment

Answer 34

decreases chances of behaviour reoccuring

Question 35

reinforcement

Answer 35

increases chance of behaviour occurring again

Question 36

reinforcer

Answer 36

stimulus based on response resulting in increased chance of response occurring again

Question 37

schedules of reinforcement

Answer 37

rule that determine when reinforcement is provided

Question 38

secondary reinforcer

Answer 38

reinforcement which has a learned value (ex. money)

Question 39

variable-interval schedule

Answer 39

first response is reinforced following a variable amount of time

Question 40

variable-ratio schedule

Answer 40

number of responses required to get reinforcement varies according to average

Question 41

variable-interval schedule

Answer 41

first response is reinforced following a variable amount of time

Question 42

Latent learning

Answer 42

learning that is not immediately reinforced

Question 43

observational learning

Answer 43

changes in behaviour as a result of watching others

Question 44

imitation

Answer 44

recreating someone elses behaviour