13.1 & 13.3 Flashcards
Social Psychology
Bystander effect
observation that an individual is less likely to help when they perceive that others are not helping
Altruism
helping others in need without receiving or expecting reward for doing so
diffusion of responsibility
the reduced personal responsibility that a person feels when more people are present in a situation
groupthink
a decision making problem in which group members avoid arguments and strive for agreement
informational influence
Occurs when people feel the group is giving them useful information
mimicry
taking on for ourselves the behaviours, emotional displays, and facial expressions of others
normative influence
the result of social pressure to adopt a groups perspective to be accepted rather than rejected by the group
ostracism
being ignored or excluded from social contact
social facilitation
occurs when ones performance is affected by the presence of others
social loafing
occurs when an indidvidual puts less effort into working on a task with others
social norms
usually unwritten guidelines for how to behave in social contexts
social roles
guidelines that apply specific positions within the group
Attitude inoculation
strategy for strengthening attitudes and making them more resistant to change by first exposing people to a weak counter argument then refuting that argument
central route to persuasion
focuses on facts, logic, and the content of a message in order to persuade
cognitive dissonance theory
when we hold inconsistent beliefs this creates a kind of aversive inner tension or “dissonance” We are then motivated to reduce this tension in whatever way we can
construal-level theory
which describes how information effects us differently depending on our psychological distance from the information
door-in-the-face technique
involves asking for something relatively big then following with a request for something relatively small
elaboration likelihood model
a dual process model of persuasion that predicts whether factual information or other types of information will be most influential
identifiable victim effect
how people are more powerfully moved to action by the story of a single suffering person than by information about an entire group
peripheral route persuasion
focuses on features of the issue or presentation that are not factual
foot-in-the-door technique
involves making a simple request followed by a more substantial request
