16.1, 16.2 & 16.3

Question 1

bibliotherapy

Answer 1

using self-help books and reading as a form of therapy

Question 2

clinical psychologist

Answer 2

have PhD’s and can diagnose and treat mental health issues

Question 3

community psychology

Answer 3

identifying how individuals mental health is influenced by the community in which they live

Question 4

counselling psychologist

Answer 4

mental health professionals who typically work with people who need help with more common problems such as stress and coping

Question 5

deinstitutionalization

Answer 5

movement of large numbers of psychiatric inpatients from their care facilities back into regular society

Question 6

emprically supported treatments

Answer 6

treatments that have been tested and evaluated using scientific methods

Question 7

psychiatrist

Answer 7

are medical doctors who specialize in mental health and who are allowed to diagnose and treat mental disorders through prescribing medications

Question 8

residential treatment centre

Answer 8

housing facilities in which residents receive psychological therapy and life skills training with explicit goals of helping residents become re-integrated into society

Question 9

therapeutic alliance

Answer 9

the relationship that emerges in therapy between the therapist and the patient

Question 10

aversive conditioning

Answer 10

replacing a positive response to a stimulus with a negative response typically using punishment

Question 11

behavioural therapy

Answer 11

attempt to directly address problem behaviours and the environment factors that trigger them

Question 12

client centred therapy

Answer 12

which focuses on individuals abilities to solves their own problems and reach their full potential

Question 13

cognitive behavioural therapy

Answer 13

a form of therapy that consists of procedures such as cognitive restructuring, stress inoculation training, and exposing people to experiences they may have a tendency to avoid

Question 14

decentring

Answer 14

when a person is able to “step back” from their normal consciousness and examine themselves more objectively as an observer

Question 15

dream analysis

Answer 15

method of examining the details of a dream in order to gain insight into the true meaning of the dream.

Question 16

free association

Answer 16

patients are encouraged to talk or write without censoring thoughts in anyway

Question 17

insight therapy

Answer 17

a general term referring to therapy that involves dialogue between patient and therapist for the purpose of gaining awareness

Question 18

mindfulness based cognitive therapy

Answer 18

a technique that combines mindfulness mediation with standard cognitive behavioural therapy tools

Question 19

object relations therapy

Answer 19

a variation of psychodynamic therapy that focuses on how early childhood experiences and emotional attachments influence later psychological functioning

Question 20

phenomenological appraoch

Answer 20

therapist addresses the client’s feelings and thoughts as they unfold in the present moment rather than looking for unconscious motives or dwelling in the past

Question 21

psychodynamic therapy

Answer 21

forms of insight therapy that emphasize the need to discover and resolve unconscious conflicts

Question 22

resistance

Answer 22

occurs in therapy when patient engages in strategies that keep conscious thoughts or motivations that they wish to avoid from fully entering conscious awareness

Question 23

systematic desensitization

Answer 23

gradual exposure to a feared stimulus or a situation is coupled with relaxation training

Question 24

antianxiety drugs

Answer 24

affect the activity of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) an inhibitory neurotransmitter that reduces neural activity

Question 25

antidepressant drugs

Answer 25

medication designed to reduce symptoms of depression

Question 26

antipsychotic drugs

Answer 26

used to treat symptoms of psychosis, including delusions hallucinations, and severely disturbed or disorganized thought

Question 27

atypical antipsychotics

Answer 27

drugs that are less likely to produce side effects

Question 28

blood brain barrier

Answer 28

a network of tightly packed cells that allow specific types of substances to move from the bloodstream to the brain in order to protect delicate brain cells against harmful infections and other substances

Question 29

deep brain stimulation

Answer 29

a technique that involves electrically stimulating specific regions of the brain

Question 30

electroconvulsive therapy

Answer 30

involves passing an electrical current through the brain in order to induce temporary seizure

Question 31

focal leisons

Answer 31

small areas of brain tissue that are surgically destroyed

Question 32

frontal lobotomy

Answer 32

surgically serving the connections between different regions of the brain

Question 33

leucotomy

Answer 33

the surgical deconstruction of brain tissues in the prefrontal cortex

Question 34

lithium

Answer 34

one of the first mood stabilizers to be prescribed regularly in psychiatry and from the 1950s to the 1980’s, was the standard drug treatment for depression and bipolar disorder

Question 35

monoamie oxidase inhibitors

Answer 35

work by deactivating monoamine oxidase (MAO) an enzyme that breaks down serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine at the synaptic clefts of nerve cells

Question 36

mood stabilizers

Answer 36

drugs used to prevent or reduce the severity of mood swings experienced by people with bipolar disorder

Question 37

post traumatic stress disorder

Answer 37

common psychological illness involving recurring thoughts, images, and nightmares associated with a traumatic event; it induces symptoms of tension and anxiety and can seriously interfere with many aspects of person’s life

Question 38

psychopharmacotherapy

Answer 38

the use of drugs to attempt to manage or reduce patients symptoms

Question 39

psychotropic drugs

Answer 39

medications designed to alter psychological functioning

Question 40

repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulations

Answer 40

therapeutic technique in which a focal area of the brain is exposed to a powerful magnetic field across several treatment sessions

Question 41

selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

Answer 41

a class of antidepressant drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin

Question 42

tardive dyskinesia

Answer 42

movement disorder involving involuntary movements and facial tics

Question 43

tricyclic antidepressants

Answer 43

drugs that block the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine