11.1, 11.3 & 11.4

Question 1

Allostasis

Answer 1

motivation that is not only influenced by current needs but also by the anticipation of future needs caused by stress

Question 2

Anorexia nervosa

Answer 2

an eating disorder that involves 1) self-starvation 2)intense fear of weight gain and dissatisfaction with one’s body 3)denial of serious consequences of severely low-weight

Question 3

Bulimia nervosa

Answer 3

an eating disorder that is characterized by periods of food deprivation, binge eating, and purging

Question 4

Drive

Answer 4

biological trigger telling us we may be deprived of something and causes us to seek out what is needed

Question 5

Glucose

Answer 5

sugar which serves as primary energy source for body and brain

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

body’s processes that allow it to maintain consistent internal states in response to outer environment

Question 7

Hypothalamus

Answer 7

brain structure which regulates that regulates basic biological needs and motivational systems

Question 8

Incentives

Answer 8

Stimuli we seek to reduce drives

Question 9

Motivation

Answer 9

reason or desire to take action and achieve goals.

Question 10

Obesity

Answer 10

disorder of positive energy balance, in which energy intake exceeds energy expenditure

Question 11

Satiation

Answer 11

the point in a meal when we are no longer motivated to eat “full”

Question 12

Unit Bias

Answer 12

the tendency to assume that the unit sale or portioning is an appropriate amount to consume

Question 13

achievement motivation

Answer 13

the drive to perform at high levels and to accomplish significant goals

Question 14

Amotivational

Answer 14

a feeling of having little or no motivation to perform a behaviour

Question 15

Approach goal

Answer 15

an enjoyable and pleasant incentive that a person is drawn toward, such as praise, financial reward, or a feeling

Question 16

Avoidance goal

Answer 16

an attempt to avoid an unpleasant outcome such as shame, embarrassment, losing money, or feeling emotional pain

Question 17

Compassionate love

Answer 17

related to tenderness, and to the affection we feel when our lives are intertwined with another person

Question 18

extrinsic motivation

Answer 18

motivation geared towards gaining rewards, recognition, or avoiding embarassment

Question 19

intrinsic motivation

Answer 19

the process of being internally motivated to perform behaviours.

Question 20

amygdala

Answer 20

group of nuclei in the middle portion of the temporal lobe in each hemisphere of the brain

Question 21

Cannon-bard theory of emotion

Answer 21

suggests that the brain interprets a situation and generates subjective emotional feelings and that the representations in the brain trigger responses in the body

Question 22

display rules

Answer 22

refer to unwritten expectations we have regarding when it is appropriate to show a certain emotion

Question 23

emotion

Answer 23

1) subjective though and experience 2) accompanying patterns of neutral activity of physical arousal 3 observable expression

Question 24

emotional dialects

Answer 24

variations across cultures in how common emotions are expressed

Question 25

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 25

suggests that our emotional expressions can influence our subjective emotional states

Question 26

James-Lange theory of emotion

Answer 26

suggests that our physiological reactions to stimuli precede the emotional experience

Question 27

Two-factor theory

Answer 27

holds that patterns of physical arousal and the cognitive labels we attach to them form the basis of our emotional experiences

Question 28

need to belong

Answer 28

motivation to maintain relationships that involve pleasant feelings such as warmth, affection, appreciation and mutual concern for a persons well being.

Question 29

passionate love

Answer 29

associated with a physical and emotional longing for the other person

Question 30

self actualization

Answer 30

the point at which a person reaches their full potential as a creative, deep-thinking and accepting human being

Question 31

self determination theory

Answer 31

a theory that states that an individual’s ability to achieve their goals and attain psychological well-being is influenced by the degree to which they are in control of the behaviours necessary to achieve those goals

Question 32

self efficiancy

Answer 32

an individual’s confidence that they can plan and execute a course of action in order to solve a problem

Question 33

terror management theory

Answer 33

psychological perspective asserting that the human fear of mortality motivates behaviours that preserve self-esteem and our sense of belonging

Question 34

drive reduction theory

Answer 34

Suggest we are motivated to
restore homeostasis when a
drive emerges

Question 35

Optimal arousal theory

Answer 35

suggests we are motivated to increase or decrease
our physiological arousal level to maintain an optimal level of arousal

Question 36

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 36

1) self-actualization 2) Esteem 3)Love/belonging 4) safety 5)Physiological needs