6. ZIKA Flashcards
- Positive-sense
- single-stranded
- RNA
ZIKA virus
ZIKA
Family: ______
Genus: ______
Family: Flaviviridae
Genus: Flavivirus
Where is it first isolated (1947)?
Ziika forest of Uganda
A neurological disorder which WHO declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)
microcephaly
What animal is it first isolated?
Rhesus macaque monkeys
First large scale outbreaks occurred in the island _____.
island of Yap
(Federated States of Micronesia)
Year when ZIKA first emerged in America?
2015
Is there ZIKA virus in the Philippines?
NONE currently
Zika virus infections were reported in the Philippines in
- 1953
- 2012
- 2016 to 2017
How many cases so far?
57
(as of Feb 2, 2017)
ZIKV, (like DENVs and CHIKV) has probably adapted from an ancestral forest cycle involving
____ - as reservoir host
____ - as vectors to a new urban/periurban cycle (humans)
____ - mosquito vectors (2)
NHP
- as reservoir host
**canopy-dwelling mosquito **
- as vectors to a new urban/periurban cycle
(1) Ae. aegypti
(2) Ae. albopictus
- mosquito vectors
ZIKA
Extrinsic Incubation period: ______ days
5-10 days
Zika virus has been detected in: (7)
- blood
- urine
- amniotic fluids
- semen
- saliva
body fluids found in
6. brain
7. spinal cord.
ZIKA cannot be transmitted thru sex.
True or False?
FALSE
Zika CAN be transmitted thru sex.
Main transmission of ZIKA?
Bite of Aedes mosquito
(3) Common symptoms of ZIKA?
- fever
- conjunctivitis
- skin rash
Is there a vertical transmission in ZIKA?
YES
Incubation period of ZIKA?
3-14 days
Can ZIKA be self-limited?
YES
(for 2-7 days)
Neurological type of complication from ZIKA virus?
Guillain Barre’ syndrome (sudden weakening of muscles)
Neonatal malformation of ZIKA where a baby’s head is smaller than those of other babies of the same age and sex.
microcephaly
(2) test performed concurrently to make the diagnosis of ZIKA?
- NAT - a genetic test
- IgM antibody test
more specific to detect the virus but less sensitive
NAT (or nucleic acid amplification testing)
far more sensitive but less specific test
IgM antibody test
measures the level of neutralizing antibodies in the blood
for confirming ZIKA tests that are either
- inconclusive
- ambiguous
- presumptive
Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)
Integrated vector controls for ZIKA (4)
[ EMBC ]
1) Environmental control measures
2) Mechanical control measures
3) Biological c. methods
4) Chemical control
Integrated Vector Controls:
- destroying, turning over, or removing items that can accumulate water
(source reduction) - preventing mosquitoes from entering the water holding container so they cannot lay their eggs in it:
a) by fitting a tight cover over the opening of the water jars or by other means;
b) emptying and refilling a water storage container every 7 days so the mosquito larvae and pupae are thrown out when the container is emptied
ENVIRONMENTAL control measures
*
destroying, turning over, or removing
items that can accumulate water
(source
*
preventing mosquitoes from entering
the water holding container so they
cannot lay their eggs in it:
*
by fitting a tight cover over the opening
of the water jars or by other means;
*
emptying and refilling a water storage
container every 7 days so the mosquito
larvae and pupae are thrown out when
the container is emptied.
Integrated Vector Controls:
prevent water accumulation by modifying the design of homes, such as eliminating rain gutters where water can stagnate
MECHANICAL control measures
Integrated Vector Controls:
- such as the use of guppy fish or Mesocyclops , a copepod, to eat the mosquito larvae
- or Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) bacteria, which release a toxin that kills the larvae after being ingested
BIOLOGICAL control methods
Integrated Vector Controls:
- through the use of
insecticides, some of which kill mosquito larvae (temephos is a widely used larvicide) and others that kill adult mosquitoes
are also effective when
used properly and under the appropriate conditions.
CHEMICAL control
How to prevent?
Use 0.5% permethrin to treat clothing and gear
Insect repellants for ZIKA (7)
- DEET
- Picaridin (known as KBR 3023 and icaridin outside the US)
- IR3535
- Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE)
- Para menthane diol (PMD)
- 2 undecanone
- Citronella
Is there a vaccine for ZIKA virus?
NONE
