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VPH 122 > 6. ZIKA > Flashcards

6. ZIKA Flashcards

1
Q
  • Positive-sense
  • single-stranded
  • RNA
A

ZIKA virus

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2
Q

ZIKA

Family: ______
Genus: ______

A

Family: Flaviviridae
Genus: Flavivirus

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3
Q

Where is it first isolated (1947)?

A

Ziika forest of Uganda

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4
Q

A neurological disorder which WHO declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC)

A

microcephaly

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5
Q

What animal is it first isolated?

A

Rhesus macaque monkeys

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6
Q

First large scale outbreaks occurred in the island _____.

A

island of Yap

(Federated States of Micronesia)

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7
Q

Year when ZIKA first emerged in America?

A

2015

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8
Q

Is there ZIKA virus in the Philippines?

A

NONE currently

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9
Q

Zika virus infections were reported in the Philippines in
- 1953
- 2012
- 2016 to 2017

How many cases so far?

A

57

(as of Feb 2, 2017)

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10
Q

ZIKV, (like DENVs and CHIKV) has probably adapted from an ancestral forest cycle involving

____ - as reservoir host
____ - as vectors to a new urban/periurban cycle (humans)
____ - mosquito vectors (2)

A

NHP
- as reservoir host

**canopy-dwelling mosquito **
- as vectors to a new urban/periurban cycle

(1) Ae. aegypti
(2) Ae. albopictus
- mosquito vectors

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11
Q

ZIKA

Extrinsic Incubation period: ______ days

A

5-10 days

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12
Q

Zika virus has been detected in: (7)

A
  1. blood
  2. urine
  3. amniotic fluids
  4. semen
  5. saliva

body fluids found in
6. brain
7. spinal cord.

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13
Q

ZIKA cannot be transmitted thru sex.

True or False?

A

FALSE

Zika CAN be transmitted thru sex.

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14
Q

Main transmission of ZIKA?

A

Bite of Aedes mosquito

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15
Q

(3) Common symptoms of ZIKA?

A
  1. fever
  2. conjunctivitis
  3. skin rash
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16
Q

Is there a vertical transmission in ZIKA?

A

YES

17
Q

Incubation period of ZIKA?

A

3-14 days

18
Q

Can ZIKA be self-limited?

A

YES

(for 2-7 days)

19
Q

Neurological type of complication from ZIKA virus?

A

Guillain Barre’ syndrome (sudden weakening of muscles)

20
Q

Neonatal malformation of ZIKA where a baby’s head is smaller than those of other babies of the same age and sex.

A

microcephaly

21
Q

(2) test performed concurrently to make the diagnosis of ZIKA?

A
  1. NAT - a genetic test
  2. IgM antibody test
22
Q

more specific to detect the virus but less sensitive

A

NAT (or nucleic acid amplification testing)

23
Q

far more sensitive but less specific test

A

IgM antibody test

24
Q

measures the level of neutralizing antibodies in the blood

for confirming ZIKA tests that are either
- inconclusive
- ambiguous
- presumptive

A

Plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT)

25
Q

Integrated vector controls for ZIKA (4)

[ EMBC ]

A

1) Environmental control measures
2) Mechanical control measures
3) Biological c. methods
4) Chemical control

26
Q

Integrated Vector Controls:

  • destroying, turning over, or removing items that can accumulate water
    (source reduction)
  • preventing mosquitoes from entering the water holding container so they cannot lay their eggs in it:

a) by fitting a tight cover over the opening of the water jars or by other means;

b) emptying and refilling a water storage container every 7 days so the mosquito larvae and pupae are thrown out when the container is emptied

A

ENVIRONMENTAL control measures

27
Q

*
destroying, turning over, or removing
items that can accumulate water
(source
*
preventing mosquitoes from entering
the water holding container so they
cannot lay their eggs in it:
*
by fitting a tight cover over the opening
of the water jars or by other means;
*
emptying and refilling a water storage
container every 7 days so the mosquito
larvae and pupae are thrown out when
the container is emptied.

A
28
Q

Integrated Vector Controls:

prevent water accumulation by modifying the design of homes, such as eliminating rain gutters where water can stagnate

A

MECHANICAL control measures

29
Q

Integrated Vector Controls:

  • such as the use of guppy fish or Mesocyclops , a copepod, to eat the mosquito larvae
  • or Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis (Bti) bacteria, which release a toxin that kills the larvae after being ingested
A

BIOLOGICAL control methods

30
Q

Integrated Vector Controls:

  • through the use of
    insecticides, some of which kill mosquito larvae (temephos is a widely used larvicide) and others that kill adult mosquitoes

are also effective when
used properly and under the appropriate conditions.

A

CHEMICAL control

31
Q

How to prevent?

A

Use 0.5% permethrin to treat clothing and gear

32
Q

Insect repellants for ZIKA (7)

A
  1. DEET
  2. Picaridin (known as KBR 3023 and icaridin outside the US)
  3. IR3535
  4. Oil of lemon eucalyptus (OLE)
  5. Para menthane diol (PMD)
  6. 2 undecanone
  7. Citronella
33
Q

Is there a vaccine for ZIKA virus?

A

NONE

VPH 122 (15 decks)

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