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VPH 122 > 2. Coronavirus > Flashcards

2. Coronavirus Flashcards

1
Q

Major cause of coronavirus

A

travel

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2
Q

Coronavirus

  • enveloped / non-enveloped?
  • RNA / DNA virus?
  • singe/double stranded?
A

enveloped
RNA virus
single-stranded

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3
Q

Coronavirus

Order:
Family:
Genera:

A

Order: Nidovirales

Family: Coronaviridae

Genera:
1) Alpha-CoV
2) Beta-CoV***
3) Delta-CoV
4) Gamma-CoV

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4
Q

Subgenus of SARS

A

Sarbecovirus

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5
Q

Subgenus of MERS

A

Merbecovirus

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6
Q

SARS-CoV

reported case: _____
deaths: _____
countries: _____

A

reported case: 8,096

deaths: 774 (~9.6% case fatality)

countries: 37

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7
Q

Where SARS-CoV originated

A

Guangdong Province, China

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8
Q

Time span of SARS-CoV

A

November 2002 – July 2003

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9
Q

Other term for SARS-CoV

A

“Infectious atypical pneumonia”

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10
Q

New coronavirus not previously endemic in humans

A

SARS-CoV

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11
Q

Cases of SARS-CoV had epidemiological links
to the ____-___ animal trade.

A

wild-game animal trade

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12
Q

Specimens are collected from
1)
2)

(also give scientific name)

A
  1. masked palm civet
    (Paguma larvata)
  2. raccoon dogs
    (Nyctereutes procyonoides)
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13
Q

SARS CoV like virus with more than ___% nucleotide homology to the human SARS CoV

A

99% nucleotide homology

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14
Q

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS)

reported case: _____
deaths: _____
countries: _____

A

reported case: “2,604”

deaths: “936” (~36% case fatality)

countries: “27”

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15
Q

Where MERS originated

A

Saudi Arabia

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16
Q

Time span of MERS

A

Sept 2012 - present

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17
Q

98-100% of ____ are (+) for MERS-CoV antibodies

A

camels

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18
Q

Incidence of MERS-CoV in humans is 15x higher in _______

A

camel shepherd

19
Q

Incidence of MERS-CoV in humans is 23x higher in ____ __ than in general population.

A

slaughterhouse workers

20
Q

Where COVID-19 originated

A

Wuhan, Hubei Province, China

21
Q

Time span of COVID-19

A

Devember 2019 - present

22
Q

was found to be an epidemiological link of the 100 initial patients exposed (COVID-19)

A

Wuhan Huanan Seafood Wholesale (Wet Market)

23
Q

CoV attach to the host cell surface receptors via _____

A

spike protein (S)

24
Q

______ is believed to play a crucial role in overcoming species barriers and accomplishing interspecies transmission from animals to human

25
Q

Cellular receptor of SARS-CoV & COVID-19

A

ACE 2

angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

26
Q

Cellular receptor of MERS-CoV

A

DPP4

dipeptidyl peptidase 4

27
Q

Reservoir hosts of:

SARS-CoV: ______
MERS-CoV: ______
COVID-19: ______

A

Reservoir hosts

SARS-CoV: Horshoebat

MERS-CoV: Egyptian tomb bat

COVID-19: Bats

28
Q

Coronavirus infection in “humans” is commonly associated with (5)

A

1) mild to severe respiratory disease
2) high fever
3) severe inflammation
4) cough
5) internal organ dysfunction

29
Q

Coronavirus infection in “domestic animals” is commonly associated with (4)

A

1) respiratory
2) gastrointestinal
3) liver disease
4) neurologic disease

30
Q

INCUBATION PERIOD (IP)

SARS-CoV: _______
MERS-CoV: _______
COVID-19: _______

A

SARS-CoV: [ 2 - 10 days ]

MERS-CoV: [ 2 - 10 days ]
average: ( 5 - 6 days )
death: [~11.5 days ]

COVID-19: [ 4-7 days ]
average: ( 5 days )

31
Q

number 1 Clinico-pathological feature of coronavirus

32
Q

Recommended diagnosis for coronavirus

A

RT-PCR / next generation sequencing

33
Q

For viral pneumonia (coronavirus)

34
Q

Viral RNA could be detected in (5) of covid infected persons

A
  1. respiratory tract (URT)
  2. lower respiratory tract
  3. stool
  4. blood
  5. urine
35
Q

Peak of coronavirus viral load in respiratory specimens

A

second (2nd) weeek after symptom onset

36
Q

Which respiratory tract has higher viral load of coronavirus?

A

LOWER respiratory tract

37
Q

Diagnostic classification for coronavirus

A

virological culture

38
Q

Where coronavirus test can be done

39
Q

Specimen required for coronavirus

A

respiratory discharges

40
Q

(3) best recommendation for clinical specimens for detection of SARS-CoV 2

A
  • bronchalveolar lavage fluid
  • sputum
  • nasal swabs
41
Q

Epidemiological tools for control of coronavirus (4)

[ ETPI ]

A
  1. Early warning system surveillance
  2. Tracking & mapping by GIS / geographical information system
  3. Prediction tools/models
  4. Immediate travel restrictions
42
Q

Category of SARS & MERS as notifiable disease (reported by PIDSR)

A

Category 1

43
Q

Control and Prevention of coronavirus

A
  1. Vaccination ***
  2. Immediate travel restrictions
  3. Ban on wildlife trade
  4. PPE
  5. Hand hygiene
  6. Improve measures in hospital

VPH 122 (15 decks)

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