10. Hendravirus

Question 1

Enveloped RNA viruses, single-stranded (negative sense)

Answer 1

Hendravirus

Question 2

Family: ______
Genus: ______

Answer 2

Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Henipavirus

Question 3

Hendravirus is classified as what BSL facility?

Answer 3

BSL 4

Question 4

Transmission of Hendra:

HeV enters a host’s cell by the virus’ ____ with ephrin-B2 receptors present on
1. neurons
2. smooth mm
3. endothelial cells surrounding small arteries

Answer 4

attachment protein (G)

Question 5

reservoir of Hendra?

Answer 5

Pteropus bats

Question 6

what kind of bats are reservoir of Hendra?

Answer 6

Australian flying fox / fruit bats

Question 7

(4) species of bats for Hendra?

Answer 7

1. Pteropus alecto
2. Pteropus poliocphalus (gray headed flying fox)
3. Pteropus scapulatus (little red flying fox)
4. Pteropus conspicillatus (spectacled flying fox)

Question 8

Amplifying host for Hendra?

The only mammalian species that has been infected directly from bats.

Answer 8

horse

Question 9

most common mode of transmission of HeV is horses’ contact with (4)

Answer 9

1. urine
2. daliva
3. fluids
4. excretions from infected flying fox

Question 10

Which animal has shown asymptomatic from being in contact with infected horse?

Answer 10

DOGS

Question 11

Is there a human-human transmission to Hendra?

Answer 11

NO

Question 12

Types of transmission for Hendra?

Answer 12

1. horse-horse
2. horse-human

Question 13

acute, non-specific illness?

Answer 13

Hendra

Question 14

Clinico-pathological features to be considered when there is Hendra? (2)

Answer 14

1. acute onset of fever
2. rapid progression to death

Question 15

_____% of known cases having recovered from clinical disease with detectable antibodies

Answer 15

25%

Question 16

Clinical signs can be divided into 3 categories:

[ rno ]

Answer 16

1. respiratory
2. neurologic
3. other

Question 17

Clinico-pathological feature of Hendra in humans?

Answer 17

• Respiratory illness with severe flu like signs and symptoms.
• May lead to fatal respiratory or neurological disease.

Question 18

(2) viral isolation for Hendra

Answer 18

1. swabs (nasal/oro-nasal-pharyngeal)
2. clotted blood

Question 19

Diagnosis for Hendra

Answer 19

1. RT-PCR
2. viral isolation
3. LAMP
4. Indirect ELISA
5. Viral/Serum neutralization test
6. Bead-based microphase immuno-assay

Question 20

Is there vaccine for Hendra?

Answer 20

YES

Equivac HeV

Question 21

Vaccine for Hendra:

> _____ months of age
_____ doses
at a _____ day interval,
followed by boosters q______ months.

Answer 21

> 4 months of age
2 doses
at a 21-day interval,
followed by boosters q12 months.

Question 22

Emergence of Hendra:

Flying fox distributions are
highly dependent on ____

Answer 22

food sources

a combination of
- nectar
- pollen
- fruit especially those produced by Eucalyptus trees in woodlands and open forests

Question 23

_____ conditions are associated with poor flowering

Answer 23

Extreme dry conditions

Question 24

This happens due to tree clearance and climate change

Disperses flying foxes outside of typical territories resulting to increased level of stress & poor body condition, then HeV excretions in flying foxes

Answer 24

lack of food resources