10. Hendravirus Flashcards
Enveloped RNA viruses, single-stranded (negative sense)
Hendravirus
Family: ______
Genus: ______
Family: Paramyxoviridae
Genus: Henipavirus
Hendravirus is classified as what BSL facility?
BSL 4
Transmission of Hendra:
HeV enters a host’s cell by the virus’ ____ with ephrin-B2 receptors present on
1. neurons
2. smooth mm
3. endothelial cells surrounding small arteries
attachment protein (G)
reservoir of Hendra?
Pteropus bats
what kind of bats are reservoir of Hendra?
Australian flying fox / fruit bats
(4) species of bats for Hendra?
- Pteropus alecto
- Pteropus poliocphalus (gray headed flying fox)
- Pteropus scapulatus (little red flying fox)
- Pteropus conspicillatus (spectacled flying fox)
Amplifying host for Hendra?
The only mammalian species that has been infected directly from bats.
horse
most common mode of transmission of HeV is horses’ contact with (4)
- urine
- daliva
- fluids
- excretions from infected flying fox
Which animal has shown asymptomatic from being in contact with infected horse?
DOGS
Is there a human-human transmission to Hendra?
NO
Types of transmission for Hendra?
- horse-horse
- horse-human
acute, non-specific illness?
Hendra
Clinico-pathological features to be considered when there is Hendra? (2)
- acute onset of fever
- rapid progression to death
_____% of known cases having recovered from clinical disease with detectable antibodies
25%
Clinical signs can be divided into 3 categories:
[ rno ]
- respiratory
- neurologic
- other
Clinico-pathological feature of Hendra in humans?
- Respiratory illness with severe flu like signs and symptoms.
- May lead to fatal respiratory or neurological disease.
(2) viral isolation for Hendra
- swabs (nasal/oro-nasal-pharyngeal)
- clotted blood
Diagnosis for Hendra
- RT-PCR
- viral isolation
- LAMP
- Indirect ELISA
- Viral/Serum neutralization test
- Bead-based microphase immuno-assay
Is there vaccine for Hendra?
YES
Equivac HeV
Vaccine for Hendra:
> _____ months of age
_____ doses
at a _____ day interval,
followed by boosters q______ months.
> 4 months of age
2 doses
at a 21-day interval,
followed by boosters q12 months.
Emergence of Hendra:
Flying fox distributions are
highly dependent on ____
food sources
a combination of
- nectar
- pollen
- fruit especially those produced by Eucalyptus trees in woodlands and open forests
_____ conditions are associated with poor flowering
Extreme dry conditions
This happens due to tree clearance and climate change
Disperses flying foxes outside of typical territories resulting to increased level of stress & poor body condition, then HeV excretions in flying foxes
lack of food resources
