6)Vertebrae, curvatures(MEQ) Flashcards by R Q.

Vertebral column also known as

Spine
spinal column
backbone

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function of vertebral column

protection of the spinal cord

structural support and balance to maintain upright structure

allows motion

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How many vertebra in the vertebral column? (MCQ)

33 vertebra and is divide into 5 regions

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What are the 5 region of vertebral column how many vertebrae they have

cervical-7
Thoracic- 12
Lumbar-5
Sacral-5 (fused) ; fusion of 5 vertebra
Coccyx-4 (fused) ;fusion of 4 vertebra

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What is the 3 parts of vertebrae

body, pedicles, lamina

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What are the 7 processes in vertebrae

Refer to the diagram from slide pg 5

2 transverse processes

1 spinous process

4 articular processes

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lamina function

connect transverse and spinous processes

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pedicles

connect vertebral body to transverse process

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What is the different in thoracic vertebrae transverse processes

Articulate with the ribs

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Features of cervical vertebrae (Exam) (notes pg13)

Bifid spine
transverse foramen

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List the vertebrae in cervical region

C1: Atlas

C2: Axis

C3~C6: Typical cervical vertebra

C7: vertebra prominent

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Function of cervical vertebrae

provide mobility and stability to the head

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All vertebrae are vertebral artery except for?

C7- vertebra prominent is vertebral vein

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Features of atlas

Ring shaped

lack of body (because fused with body of C2)

No spinous process

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Features of Axis

have odontoid process (tooth like structure), because C1 body attached to C2 vertebra

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Features of vertebra prominens

Long spine

thick horizontal

not bifid

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Disc space between C5 and C6 usually involved in?

Cervical spondylosis
Herniation

How many vertebra and what shape, function in Thoracic vertebrae (notes pg13)

Heart shape

12 vertebral connected with intervertebral discs

Size increase as descends downwards

Function: Hold the rib-cage to protect heart and lungs

Features of Lumbar Vertebrae and function (notes pg13)

5 vertebra

Kidney shape (Bean shaped)

Larger and heavier than other vertebral bodies

Function: protect spinal cord and nerves from injury and provide a measure of support

Where Lumbar Puncture located (MCQ)

Between the spines of L3 AND L4 vertebrae

Coccyx vertebrae features and function

stabilize a person while sitting position

Coccyx vertebrae also called as?

Tailbone

Intervertebral disc is made out of?

Fibrous cartilage

What is vertebral foramen?

To let the spinal cord pass through

Why there is only 23 intervertebral discs (exam)

because there is no intervertebral disc between C1 and C2 and also absent in sacrum and coccyx

Intervertebral discs consists which two main parts

nucleus pulposus and annulus fibrosus

Where is consider as intervertebral discs

C2 to sacrum

Where is most common to see discs prolapse

Lumbar region

What is the symptom patient will feel when there is a discs prolapse

Severe back pain

Development of the vertebral curves

1) In fetus there is a single concave curve 2) After three months after birth when infant lifts head, cervical curve will develops 3) When child sits up, stands and walk the lumbar curve will develops

Describe the PRIMARY curvatures (exam SAQ)

1) Primary curvatures also called as kyphotic curves 2) convex posteriorly 3) present during fetal development 4) Include thoracic curvatures and sacrococcygeal curvature

Describe the SECONDARY curvatures (exam SAQ)

1) Secondary curvatures also called as lordotic curves 2) concave posteriorly 3) Slowly begin form postpartum (after the baby birth) 4) Include cervical curvature and lumbar curvature

Scoliosis

lateral bending of vertebral column in thoracic region

Kyphosis

Increase in vertebral column of the thoracic curve

Lordosis (Hollow back)

Increase in lumbar and cervical curve of vertebral column

commonest side of spondylosis

cervical region

Most common site for scoliosis

Thoracic region

Important investigation to confirm discs prolapse

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

Largest vertebra

Fifth lumbar (L5)

Total number of true vertebrae