4)Muscular system(MEQ) Flashcards
Definition and property of muscle
Specialized tissue which can contract and produce movement
3 types of muscles
skeletal muscle (voluntary striated muscle)
smooth muscle (involuntary non-striated muscle)
cardiac muscle (Involuntary striated muscle)
Skeletal muscle
muscle all attached to skeletal
Both end of the skeletal muscle are attached to bone except which three type?
Facial muscle: One end is attached to bone and one end is attached to skin, so it can have facial expression
Diaphragm: One end is attached to bone and the other end is attached to tendon
Sphincters: No bony attachment, muscle form a circle
Difference between tendon and muscle
Muscle Tendon
Fleshy Fibrous
composed to muscle cell Composed to
connective cell
Vascular poor blood supply
Heal well Heals poorly
Cannot resist stretching Resist stretching
Aponeurosis
flat sheets of connective tissue (membrane like tendon)
What is epimysium (Organization of skeletal muscle)
SAQ
epimysium is a connective tissue that covered the muscle
Entire muscle is covered by epimysium
What is Perimysium (Organization of skeletal muscle)
SAQ
connective tissue that covered small bundles of muscle
What is endomysium (Organization of skeletal muscle)
SAQ
connective tissue that covered individual muscle fibers
Elastic connective tissue contains what?
capillaries
myosatellite cells
nerve fibers
Function of myosatellite cells (MCQ)
repair of damage muscle tissue
Name of cytoplasm for muscle cell
Sarcoplasm
Name of cell membrane for muscle cell
Sarcolemma
At each end of the muscle the collagen fibers of epimysium, perimysium and endomysium come together to form what?
Tendon or aponeurosis
3 common sites of the intramuscular injection
Deltoid
Gluteus medius
Vastus lateralis
what is the 2 types of muscle PARALLEL to the long axis of muscle
fibers may be parallel from origin to insertion
eg. strap muscle
fibers may be converge (相交) to a point at the ends
eg. biceps muscle
what is the 4 types of muscle OBLIQUE to the long axis of muscle (SAQ)
Uni-pennate muscle: muscle fibers are arranged obliquely on one side of the tendon resembling a half feather
Bi-pennate muscle: the oblique muscle fibers arises on both sides of the tendon resembling a whole feather
Multi-pennate muscle: septa extend into the attachment of muscle, dividing them into several feather-like portion
Circum-pennate muscle: muscle fibers are arranged in a circular pattern
Radial, triangular or fan-shaped muscle
Freshly fibers converge from a wide attachment to a fibrous apical insertion
eg. temporalis muscle
What is hypertrophy
increase in the volume of an organ or tissue due to the formation of new myofibrils
What is hyperplasia
Tissue growth by increase the number of cells
Only occurs in smooth muscle
When there is pregnant what take place in uterus?
hyperplasia and hypertrophy
Comparison of hypertrophy and hyperplasia
Hypertrophy refers to an increase in the size of individual muscle fibers, whereas hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of muscle fibers.
What is prime mover
group of muscle that initiate a desired movement
What is antagonist
muscle that oppose the action of another muscle
