3)CT, Bone , Cartilage (MEQ) Flashcards by R Q.

Cartilage Bone and Blood is under

Specialised connective tissues

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Where does all the connective tissue developed from?

Embryonic Mesenchyme

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Mechanical function of Specialised connective tissues

provide connecting and supporting tissues of the body

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Nutritional function (Specialised connective tissues)

inter-cellular substance responsible for nutritional exchange

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Defensive function (Specialised connective tissues)

Blood leucocytes& histiocytes defend the body against bacteria and foreign bodies

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What are the cells of connective tissue

Mesenchyme cell* (embryonic)
Fibroblast/ fibrocyte
Macrophage
Plasma cell
Mast cell
Fat cell (Adipocytes)
Leucocyte

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Which SUPPOTIVE tissue is from neural crest cell not from mesenchymal cell? (MCQ)

Neuroglia
Thymus
Chromatophores

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Fibroblast morphology

Active cell

eosinophilic cytoplasm

polyhedral cell with long tapering cytoplasmic processes

Large active nuclei

Spindle shape

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Function of fibroblast

form fibers and ground substances

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Fibrocyte morphology

Inactive cells

Lesser cytoplasmic processes

spindle shape

Nucleus is small and darker

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Macrophages morphology

great capacity for pinocytosis& phagocytosis

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Several cells grouped together and engulf large particles are called (MCQ)

foreign body giant cells

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Inactive form of macrophage are called? (MCQ)

histiocytes

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what is the 2 type of macrophages and their difference

TYPE: fixed macrophages Wandering/Free microphage

spindle shaped Irregular outline

condensed cytoplasm short& blunt cytoplasmic
with coarse granules process

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example of tissue specific macrophages (MCQ)

Kupffer cells- liver
Microglia- central nervous system
Osteoclasts-bone
Alveoli macrophages- lungs
Langerhans cells- skin

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Plasma cell morphology

Large

ovoid cells

deeply basophilic cytoplasm

Nucleus is large& spheroidal and eccentric

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Function of Plasma cell

produce antibodies

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Desc nucleus of plasma cell (MCQ)

Large and spheroidal and eccentric (Away the center)

Cart-wheel appearance of chromatin

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Mast cells morphology

Large ovoid cells and deeply basophilic secretory granules

Nucleus is small, pale& spheroidal and located centrally

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Function of mast cell

produces heparin and histamine (response to allergic reaction )

kill bacteria

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Adipose cells/ fat cells morphology

Thin rim of cytoplasm

signet ring appearance due to inconspicuous nucleus pushed to one side

Function of adipose cells/ fat cells

Nutrition- food reserve by storing fat

lessens motion and acts as a soft cushion

supporting function- act as a lubricant to allow smooth movement

conservation of heat

3 types of fibers of connective tissue

Collagen fibers

Elastic fibers

Reticular fibers

What cause scurvy and which fibers get affected

Vitamin C deficiency that result in impaired collagen formation

What cause Marfan's Syndrome and which fibers get affected

Gene mutation causing defect in the production of **elastic fibers**

Histology features of Bone (MEQ)

covered **externally** by periosteum and **internally** its cavities are filled with marrow and lined by a thin endosteum

What are the 3 series of lamella (Histology features of bone) MEQ

outer& inner circumferential lamella Harvesian lamella Interstitial lamella

outer& inner circumferential lamella location (Histology features of bone) MEQ

Lying parallel to the outer and inner surface of bone

Harvesian lamella location (Histology features of bone) MEQ

Arranged in concentric pattern around a small central Harvesian canal

Interstitial lamella location (Histology features of bone) MEQ

Lying in the intervals between Harvesian system

Intervals between the lamella are? MEQ

Lacunae (space) containing osteocytes

Function of canaliculi MEQ

Allow osteocytes to communicate with other osteocytes in adjacent lacunae and diffusion from adjacent capillaries

_____ is the structural unit of a compact bone MEQ

Harversian system (osteon)

Function of Volkmann's canals MEQ

Allows the vessels in Harvesian canals to anastomose with each other Communicate with the vessels of the periosteum and endosteum

Bone only has one type of growth (MCQ)

Appositional growth

Sharpey's fibers function in bone

Help periosteum stick to bone and cannot be stripped

What are the 3 types of cartilage

1. Hyaline cartilage 2. Elastic cartilage 3. Fibrocartilage

Cartilage has no blood vessels or nerve except in?

Perichondrium

(MCQ)Why cartilage got no blood supply?

Bc of secretion of antiangiogenesis factor

What is chondrocytes and where it lie?

Is a cells in cartilage that lie in the lacunae spaces within the matrix

Arrangement of Chondrocytes in hyaline and elastic cartilage (MEQ)

Lie **singly** or in group of 4-8 cells called a **cell nest**

Arrangement of Chondrocytes in fibrocytes (MEQ)

Arranged in row between the collagen bundles

(MEQ)Different between young and mature chondrocytes

Young chondrocytes Mature chondrocytes Elliptical in shape Large round cells Lies at periphery with basophilic cytoplasm their long axis parallel and rounded nucleus to the surface containing 1/more nuceoli

(MEQ) Histology of hyaline cartilage

Bluish white and resilient ***G******lassy, translucent appearance and pearly white in colour*** covered by perichondrium

Where hyaline cartilage found

wall of respiratory passages Ventral ends of ribs Articular surfaces of bones epiphyseal plates of growing bones foetal skeleton

Function of hyaline cartilage

Support soft tissues provides a sliding surface for joints and facilitate movement Necessary for the growth of long bone before and after birth

Histology features of elastic cartilage

Yellowish in colour and more apaque（不透明） than hyaline cartilage covered by perichondrium

Where elastic cartilage found

auricle(ear) external acoustic meatus auditory tube and epiglottis

Histology features of fibro-cartilage

Opaque in appearance no perichondrium(MCQ)

Where fibro-cartilage found

inter-vertebral discs rim of articular sockets lining of tendon grooves symphysis pubis

Composition between hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage

Hyaline cartilage-permeated by fine collagen fibrils Elastic cartilage-has mainly elastic as well as collagen fibers in matrix Fibrocartilage- collagen fibers are in bundles and chondrocytes are found in rows between them

which 2 type of growth in cartilage

**Intestitial growth**- multiplication of cells from pre-exiting chondrocytes in matrix **Appositional growth**- come and form new cartilage