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Anatomy > 3)CT, Bone , Cartilage (MEQ) > Flashcards

3)CT, Bone , Cartilage (MEQ) Flashcards

1
Q

Cartilage Bone and Blood is under

A

Specialised connective tissues

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2
Q

Where does all the connective tissue developed from?

A

Embryonic Mesenchyme

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3
Q

Mechanical function of Specialised connective tissues

A

provide connecting and supporting tissues of the body

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4
Q

Nutritional function (Specialised connective tissues)

A

inter-cellular substance responsible for nutritional exchange

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5
Q

Defensive function (Specialised connective tissues)

A

Blood leucocytes& histiocytes defend the body against bacteria and foreign bodies

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6
Q

What are the cells of connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme cell* (embryonic)
Fibroblast/ fibrocyte
Macrophage
Plasma cell
Mast cell
Fat cell (Adipocytes)
Leucocyte

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7
Q

Which SUPPOTIVE tissue is from neural crest cell not from mesenchymal cell? (MCQ)

A

Neuroglia
Thymus
Chromatophores

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8
Q

Fibroblast morphology

A

Active cell

eosinophilic cytoplasm

polyhedral cell with long tapering cytoplasmic processes

Large active nuclei

Spindle shape

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9
Q

Function of fibroblast

A

form fibers and ground substances

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10
Q

Fibrocyte morphology

A

Inactive cells

Lesser cytoplasmic processes

spindle shape

Nucleus is small and darker

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11
Q

Macrophages morphology

A

great capacity for pinocytosis& phagocytosis

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12
Q

Several cells grouped together and engulf large particles are called (MCQ)

A

foreign body giant cells

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13
Q

Inactive form of macrophage are called? (MCQ)

A

histiocytes

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14
Q

what is the 2 type of macrophages and their difference

A

TYPE: fixed macrophages Wandering/Free microphage

spindle shaped Irregular outline

condensed cytoplasm short& blunt cytoplasmic
with coarse granules process

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15
Q

example of tissue specific macrophages (MCQ)

A

Kupffer cells- liver
Microglia- central nervous system
Osteoclasts-bone
Alveoli macrophages- lungs
Langerhans cells- skin

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16
Q

Plasma cell morphology

A

Large

ovoid cells

deeply basophilic cytoplasm

Nucleus is large& spheroidal and eccentric

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17
Q

Function of Plasma cell

A

produce antibodies

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18
Q

Desc nucleus of plasma cell (MCQ)

A

Large and spheroidal and eccentric (Away the center)

Cart-wheel appearance of chromatin

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19
Q

Mast cells morphology

A

Large ovoid cells and deeply basophilic secretory granules

Nucleus is small, pale& spheroidal and located centrally

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20
Q

Function of mast cell

A

produces heparin and histamine (response to allergic reaction )

kill bacteria

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21
Q

Adipose cells/ fat cells morphology

A

Thin rim of cytoplasm

signet ring appearance due to inconspicuous nucleus pushed to one side

22
Q

Function of adipose cells/ fat cells

A

Nutrition- food reserve by storing fat

lessens motion and acts as a soft cushion

supporting function- act as a lubricant to allow smooth movement

conservation of heat

23
Q

3 types of fibers of connective tissue

A

Collagen fibers

Elastic fibers

Reticular fibers

24
Q

What cause scurvy and which fibers get affected

A

Vitamin C deficiency that result in impaired collagen formation

25
Q

What cause Marfan’s Syndrome and which fibers get affected

A

Gene mutation causing defect in the production of elastic fibers

26
Q

Histology features of Bone (MEQ)

A

covered externally by periosteum and internally its cavities are filled with marrow and lined by a thin endosteum

27
Q

What are the 3 series of lamella (Histology features of bone)
MEQ

A

outer& inner circumferential lamella

Harvesian lamella

Interstitial lamella

28
Q

outer& inner circumferential lamella location (Histology features of bone) MEQ

A

Lying parallel to the outer and inner surface of bone

29
Q

Harvesian lamella location (Histology features of bone)
MEQ

A

Arranged in concentric pattern around a small central Harvesian canal

30
Q

Interstitial lamella location (Histology features of bone)
MEQ

A

Lying in the intervals between Harvesian system

31
Q

Intervals between the lamella are?
MEQ

A

Lacunae (space) containing osteocytes

32
Q

Function of canaliculi
MEQ

A

Allow osteocytes to communicate with other osteocytes in adjacent lacunae and diffusion from adjacent capillaries

33
Q

_____ is the structural unit of a compact bone
MEQ

A

Harversian system (osteon)

34
Q

Function of Volkmann’s canals
MEQ

A

Allows the vessels in Harvesian canals to anastomose with each other

Communicate with the vessels of the periosteum and endosteum

35
Q

Bone only has one type of growth (MCQ)

A

Appositional growth

36
Q

Sharpey’s fibers function in bone

A

Help periosteum stick to bone and cannot be stripped

37
Q

What are the 3 types of cartilage

A
  1. Hyaline cartilage
  2. Elastic cartilage
  3. Fibrocartilage
38
Q

Cartilage has no blood vessels or nerve except in?

A

Perichondrium

39
Q

(MCQ)Why cartilage got no blood supply?

A

Bc of secretion of antiangiogenesis factor

40
Q

What is chondrocytes and where it lie?

A

Is a cells in cartilage that lie in the lacunae spaces within the matrix

41
Q

Arrangement of Chondrocytes in hyaline and elastic cartilage (MEQ)

A

Lie singly or in group of 4-8 cells called a cell nest

42
Q

Arrangement of Chondrocytes in fibrocytes (MEQ)

A

Arranged in row between the collagen bundles

43
Q

(MEQ)Different between young and mature chondrocytes

A

Young chondrocytes Mature chondrocytes

Elliptical in shape Large round cells

Lies at periphery with basophilic cytoplasm
their long axis parallel and rounded nucleus
to the surface containing 1/more nuceoli

44
Q

(MEQ) Histology of hyaline cartilage

A

Bluish white and resilient

Glassy, translucent appearance and pearly white in colour

covered by perichondrium

45
Q

Where hyaline cartilage found

A

wall of respiratory passages
Ventral ends of ribs
Articular surfaces of bones
epiphyseal plates of growing bones
foetal skeleton

46
Q

Function of hyaline cartilage

A

Support soft tissues

provides a sliding surface for joints and facilitate movement

Necessary for the growth of long bone before and after birth

47
Q

Histology features of elastic cartilage

A

Yellowish in colour and more apaque（不透明） than hyaline cartilage

covered by perichondrium

48
Q

Where elastic cartilage found

A

auricle(ear)
external acoustic meatus
auditory tube and epiglottis

49
Q

Histology features of fibro-cartilage

A

Opaque in appearance
no perichondrium(MCQ)

50
Q

Where fibro-cartilage found

A

inter-vertebral discs
rim of articular sockets
lining of tendon grooves
symphysis pubis

51
Q

Composition between hyaline cartilage, elastic cartilage and fibrocartilage

A

Hyaline cartilage-permeated by fine collagen fibrils

Elastic cartilage-has mainly elastic as well as collagen fibers in matrix

Fibrocartilage- collagen fibers are in bundles and chondrocytes are found in rows between them

52
Q

which 2 type of growth in cartilage

A

Intestitial growth- multiplication of cells from pre-exiting chondrocytes in matrix

Appositional growth- come and form new cartilage

Anatomy (12 decks)

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