5)Bone and its classification

Question 1

Definition of bone

Answer 1

A living structure composed of highly vascularized and mineralized connective tissue

Question 2

Function of bone

Answer 2

Protection of viscera (organ)
Give form and support
Storage of calcium and phosphate ions

Question 3

Comparison between compact bone and cancellous (spongy) bones (FIVE MARKS QUESTION)

Answer 3

Compact bone(example: Long bone) Spongy bone

Location: In diaphysis(shaft, center) In epiphyses(end)
of long bone of long bone

Lamellae: Arranged to form Arranged in a
Harversian system meshwork, so
harversian system are
not present

Bone marrow: Yellow (store fat) RED produce RBC,
after puberty, RED granular series of WBC
before puberty and platelets

Question 4

Classification of bones (according to region)

Answer 4

Axial bone- skull, vertebra, ribs

Appendicular bone- Bone of limb& girdles

Question 5

List the 7 bone according to shape

Answer 5

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone
Sesamoid bone
Pneumatic bone
Accessory bone

Question 6

All long bone develop in cartilage EXCEPT (MCQ)

Answer 6

Clavicle (develop from membrane)

Question 7

Articular (2 end of long bong) of long bone are cover by what? (MCQ)

Answer 7

Hyaline cartilage

Question 8

Why some of the flat bone is absent of spongy bone?

Answer 8

Too thin

Question 9

Example of flat bone

Answer 9

skull
sternum
scapula
Ribs

Question 10

Short bone characteristic

Answer 10

Cubical shape and 6 surface (4 are articular and others 2 is free for attachment of ligament and blood supply)

Length and thickness is equal

Develop in cartilage

Question 11

All skull bone are irregular bone EXCEPT

Answer 11

Flat bones

Question 12

Irregular bone characteristic

Answer 12

Irregular or mixed shape

spongy bone covered by thin layer of compact bone

Question 13

Sesamoid bone** (Largest of sesamoid bone)

Answer 13

patella

Question 14

Sesamoid bone** (Function)

Answer 14

resist pressure

minimize friction

alter the direction of pull of muscle

maintain local circulation

Question 15

Characteristic of sesamoid bone***

Answer 15

Lack of periosteum and Haversian system

develop in tendon of the muscle

ossify after birth

Question 16

Which one is the site of primary ossification (first development) Diaphysis or Epiphysis (MCQ)

Answer 16

Diaphysis

Question 17

(______) is the weakest point in long bone and richest blood supply area (MCQ)

Answer 17

Metaphysis

Question 18

What is Epiphyseal plate and where it locate

Answer 18

Is a layer of hyaline cartilage between diaphysis & epiphysis

Question 19

(______) is the secondary ossification (second development) (MCQ)

Answer 19

Epiphysis

Question 20

Briefly described 4 types of epiphysis and the example

Answer 20

1) Pressure epiphysis: articular takes part in transmission of the weight
eg- head of femur

2) Traction epiphysis: non-articular and does not takes part in transmission of the weight, ossify(硬化) later than pressure epiphysis
eg- tubercles of humerus& trochanters of femur

3) Atavistic epiphysis: Independent bone which will combines or merge with another bone
eg- coracoid process of scapula

4) Aberrant epiphysis: Not always present
eg- epiphysis at the head of the first metacarpal and at the base of other metacarpal bones.

Question 21

Periosteum covers the external surface of the long bone EXCEPT (_____)

Answer 21

Articular surfaces

Question 22

What is osteogenic

Answer 22

Bone formation

Question 23

All the bones in body covered by periosteum EXCEPT (MCQ)

Answer 23

Sesamoid bones and ear ossicles

Question 24

All the bones in body are made up of both compact and spongy bone EXCEPT (MCQ)

Answer 24

Inferior nasal concha

Question 25

All the bones in the body form joints EXCEPT (MCQ)

Answer 25

Hyoid bone

Question 26

Commonest site of bone marrow aspiration (MCQ)

Answer 26

Manubrium sternum in adults Iliac crest in children

Question 27

Part of growing long bones commonly involved in osteomyelitis is (____) WHY? (MCQ)

Answer 27

Metaphysis, because they are richly supplied with blood

Question 28

Coracoid process of scapula is an example of (_____) (MCQ)

Answer 28

Atavistic epiphysis

Question 29

Blood supply of Long bones (five marks question)

Answer 29

1) Nutrient arteries: Enters through a nutrient foramen and divides into 2 branches in the medullary cavity; distal and proximal branches which runs toward the metaphysic of both ends It supplies- Inner part of compact bone Marrow cavity and metaphyseal region 2) Periosteal arteries: well-supplied with blood vessels and these vessels enter the bone shaft at multiple points travel through harversian canals to provide blood to outer compact bone of the shaft 3) Epiphyseal& metaphyseal arteries: Arise from arteries around the joint. Pierce(穿过) and supply the capsule, the epiphysis and metaphyseal region

Question 30

Function of sharpey fibers in periosteum

Answer 30

anchor the periosteum to the bone surface, ensure that the periosteum is firmly attached and not easily separated from the bone

Question 31

How osteomalacia cause

Answer 31

Lack of vitamin D and calcium