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AQA History - The English Revolution 1625-1660 > (6) Religious Issues > Flashcards

(6) Religious Issues Flashcards

1
Q

When was Laud promoted to Archbishop of Canterbury?

A

August 1633

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2
Q

When was the Trial of Bastwick, Burton and Prynne?

A

June 1637

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3
Q

What were Bastwick, Burton and Prynne guilty of?

A

Seditious libel - they had written pamphlets attacking Laud

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4
Q

What happened to Prynne?

A

He had his ears fully removed - the top had been previously cut off in 1634 for attacking Henrietta Maria’s court

He also had ‘SL’ burned in his cheeks for seditious libel

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5
Q

What did people also believe ‘SL’ to mean?

A

Stigmata Laudis

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6
Q

Why were their punishments not traditional?

A

Gentlemen were not typically put in pillors

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7
Q

What did the Trail of B,B and P demonstrate?

A

That Laud was not respectful of social hierarchies

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8
Q

What was Laud theologically?

A

Arminian

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9
Q

What were the reforms under Laud expressed as?

A

Laudianism

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10
Q

What were the key terms of Laudianism?

A
  • Beauty of Holiness
  • Preists
  • Liturgy
  • Public Prayer
  • Altar
  • Anti-Sabbatarianism
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11
Q

What was the Beauty of Holiness?

A

The physical setting of the church as the holy house of God

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12
Q

What was the impact of Priests?

A

Emphasised status of the clergy and the role of ministers

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13
Q

What was liturgy?

A

This was set prayers and rituals that increased in priority and enforced more rigidly

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14
Q

What was key about public prayer?

A

There was a priority on prayer rather than preaching - a direct challenge to the Puritan emphasis on preaching

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15
Q

What was significant about the Altar?

A

There was a renewed emphasis on sacraments and communion - the eucharist

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16
Q

What was Anti-Sabbatarianism?

A

The activities on Sundays were a matter of the Church to decide; not a scriptural imperative - a direct challenge to Puritan theology of the Sabbath

17
Q

What was Laud’s altar policy?

A
  • North-South alignment of the communion table against the easternmost wall
  • Chancel - where the altar stands
  • Covered with an embroidered cloth
  • Enforcement checked by annual ‘visitations’
18
Q

What was the consequence of Laud’s altar policy?

A
  • viewed as a return to Catholic mass
  • there was a dangerous lack of respect for the tradition and social status quo
  • strict enforcement narrowed tolerance
19
Q

How was the clergy politicised?

A
  • all Scottish bishops became JPs in 1634
  • Laud became chancellor of Oxford University in 1630
  • the overlap between religious and political spheres made Charles’ circle of advisors narrow
20
Q

How did Laud establish religious conformity?

A
  • asserting conformity: revising the cannon rules to include a new altar
  • auditing conformity: visitations and presentment bills
  • enforcing conformity: star chamber and court of high commission were used in greater frequency
21
Q

What was Laudianism like in Scotland?

A

Charles was ignorant of the distinctive nature of Scottish Presbyterianism

22
Q

When was Charles crowned in Scotland?

A

1633

23
Q

What were Scottish subjects told in 1629?

A

They must kneel to take communion in their parish at least once a year

24
Q

What was published in Scotland in 1636?

A

Scottish canons based on English canons

25
Q

What were the two main reasons for opposition to grow against Laudianism?

A
  1. Laudianism specifically attacked Puritan beliefs and practices, thus many Puritans became more radical and dogmatic
  2. Laudian looked perilously close to Catholicism
26
Q

What were some direct assaults on Puritans?

A

1633 Book of Sports - outlined a range of activities people could do after attending the compulsory Sunday service

27
Q

When did and how were the abolition of the Feoffees for Impropriations become abolished?

A

1633, Laud used the Star Chamber

28
Q

Where did many Puritans emigrate to?

A

Puritan colony in Pennsylvania in New England

29
Q

How did Puritans use pamphlets to oppose Laudianism?

A

They used them to describe bishops as ‘cruel’ and ‘vipers’ and ‘tigers’ this was used by Bastwick, Burton, Prynne and Lilburne

30
Q

What were the emerging Puritan groups?

A
  • Hampden circle
  • Puritan Pamphleteers
  • Providence Island company

AQA History - The English Revolution 1625-1660 (18 decks)

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