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AQA History - The English Revolution 1625-1660 > (5) Charles I's Personal Rule > Flashcards

(5) Charles I's Personal Rule Flashcards

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1
Q

How long was Charles’ Personal rule for?

A

11 years

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2
Q

How many people were in the Privy Council?

A

Around 35

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3
Q

What was the Privy Council?

A

A group which supported the monarch and enacted the royal will in their home regions

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4
Q

How could the Privy Council have benefited Charles in his personal rule?

A

Providing him with advice and keeping him in touch with the political nation

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5
Q

What were the two factors that mitigated the usefulness of the Privy Council?

A
  1. Charles rarely attended the twice-weekly Council meetings
  2. Charles allowed a ‘Spanish faction’ to emerge, who were Roman Catholics
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6
Q

With the absence of Parliament, what could Charles not do?

A

Enact Laws

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7
Q

What were prerogative courts?

A

They helped govern the country more effectively

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8
Q

What was the Star Chamber?

A
  • made up of Privy Councillors
  • privately questioned
  • could not give the death penalty, but heavy fines
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9
Q

What was the Court of High Commission?

A

Cheif court of the church, to impose canon laws

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10
Q

What were Regional Councils?

A

Functioned as prerogative courts to impose royal control away from Westminster

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11
Q

What were the two Regional Councils?

A
  • Council of the North
  • Council of the Welsh Marches
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12
Q

What were the primary punishments of the Regional Councils?

A

Imprisonment and fines

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13
Q

What was the aim of local government?

A

Ensured the king’s peace was maintained and communities had stability and order

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14
Q

What was ‘Thorough’?

A

Wentworth and Laud’s strict authority imposed tightened controls upon royal officials (sheriffs, JPs etc)

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15
Q

What was the Book of Orders?

A

A long-established means of communication between the Crown and local government

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16
Q

When was the Book of Orders revised?

A

1631

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17
Q

Why was the Book of Orders revised?

A

Due to harvest failures in 1629 and 1630

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18
Q

Who reformed the Book of Orders?

A

Henry Montagu and his brother

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19
Q

What did the Book of Orders consist of?

A
  • 8 orders and 12 directions
  • directions were instructions on preventing vagrancy, allocating poor children to apprenticeships, employing the idle and repairing the roads
  • JPs to report to sheriffs
  • sheriffs report to Circuit judges
  • Circuit judges report to the privy council
20
Q

What was the penalty for non-compliance to the Book of Orders?

A

Punishment by Star Chamber

21
Q

What was Charles’ debt in 1629?

A

£2 million

22
Q

How did Charles reduce expenditure?

A
  • reduce spending on foreign affairs by concluding peace
  • reform Charles’ household
23
Q

What was the treaty with France?

A

1629 Treaty of Susa

24
Q

What was the treaty with Spain?

A

1630 Treaty of Madrid

25
Q

How much did Charles’ royal household cost in 1628?

A

40% of his ordinary income

26
Q

What were the ways that Charles was able to receive money?

A
  • customs duty
  • recusancy fines
  • distraint of nighthood
  • monopolies
  • wardships
  • forest fines
  • building fines
  • enclosure fines
27
Q

What was customs duty?

A

Including tonnage and poundage, this was a tax on imports and exports

28
Q

What were recusancy fines?

A

Fines on those who did not attend compulsory CofE Sunday services

29
Q

What was the distraint of knighthood?

A

Anyone who held land worth £40 pa had to be knighted at the coronation of a new monarch or fined

30
Q

What were monopolies?

A

Buying a monopoly gave a corporation the sole right to produce, import or sell a product - ‘Popish soap’ earned Charles £33,000

31
Q

What were wardships?

A

The Crown could administer the estate of an heir who inherited under the age of 21

32
Q

What were forest fines?

A

Fines for any land extended property into royalist forests

33
Q

What were building fines?

A

Fines for buildings beyond the chartered boundaries of a town

34
Q

What were the enclosed fines?

A

Fines on landowners for illegally enclosing common land

35
Q

When had Charles previously tried to levy Ship Money?

A

In 1628

36
Q

When did Charles levy Ship Money on coastal towns and cities?

A

1634

37
Q

When did Charles extend the levying of Ship Money to all of England?

A

1635

38
Q

How much did Charles raise pa from Ship Money?

A

£300,000

39
Q

When was the Hampden Case?

A

November 1637

40
Q

What was the Hampden Case?

A

John Hampden was taken to court for failing to pay Ship Money dues - the case became a test of the king’s prerogative

41
Q

How many judges out of 12 agreed that Ship Money was unlawful?

A

5

42
Q

Who defended John Hampden?

A

Oliver St John

43
Q

What was the impact of the Hampden case?

A

It reduced the speed of collecting Ship Money and reduced compliancy

44
Q

What percentage was compliancy to ship money at in 1635?

A

98%

45
Q

What percentage was compliancy to ship money at by 1639?

A

25%

AQA History - The English Revolution 1625-1660 (18 decks)

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