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AQA History - The English Revolution 1625-1660 > (21) The Third Civil War > Flashcards

(21) The Third Civil War Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the ‘Eikon Basilike’ published?

A

10 days after Charles’ execution

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2
Q

What was the ‘Eikon Basilike’?

A

A hagiographical text of the King

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3
Q

Where was Prince Charles by 1648?

A

Living in The Hague

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4
Q

When were 5 Royalists executed for their roles in the civil war?

A

9 March

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5
Q

What challenges did Prince Charles face?

A
  • in exile it was difficult to co-ordinate military action
  • little financial support
  • Irish and Scottish favoured constitutional balance over loyalty to the Crown
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6
Q

When was the Second Ormand Agreement?

A

17 January 1649

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7
Q

What were the terms in the Second Ormand Agreement?

A
  • ‘full assurance’ that Catholics would have equal rights to Irish Protestants
  • dissolution of confederate government
  • restructure Irish-royalist army, Ormand as the head
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8
Q

When was Cromwell offered the command to resolve the ‘Irish problem’?

A

Spring 1649

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9
Q

When did Cromwell land in Ireland?

A

August 1649

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10
Q

How many troops was in the Parliamentary army for Ireland?

A

12,000

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11
Q

When was the massacre of Drogheda?

A

September 1649

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12
Q

What was the significance of Drogheda?

A

It cut Dublin off from the Ulster

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13
Q

When was the massacre of Wexford?

A

October 1649

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14
Q

How many men was Ormand’s army reduced to?

A

3,000

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15
Q

How many were killed in Drogheda?

A

est. 3000

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16
Q

How many were killed in Wexford?

A

est. 2000

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17
Q

When did Cromwell return from Ireland?

A

May 1650

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18
Q

What were the reasons for Cromwell’s actions in Ireland and their justification?

A
  • massacre of protestants in 1631 from Hapsburg Catholics 1631
  • Irish Rebellion 1641
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19
Q

What was the conclusion of the Irish Campaign?

A
  • New Model Army caused desertions
  • Ormand was losing Royalist support
  • Prince Charles secured an agreement with Scots, this rejected Ormand’s
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20
Q

When did Prince Charles accept the agreement with the Scots?

A

June 1650

21
Q

Who became the scapegoat for the Irish suffering?

A

Ormand

22
Q

What did the Scots interpret their Covenant as?

A

A religious and moral obligation - bounded them to the restoration of Charles II

23
Q

When was Prince Charles declared King Charles II in Scotland?

A

February 1649

24
Q

When was an act passed that defined the constitutional position of Charles II?

A

7 February 1649

25
Q

What were the conditions of the act that defined Price Charles’ constitutional rolse?

A
  • subscribe and sustain National and Solemn League and Covenants
  • maintain Scottish Presbyterian Church Agreement
  • establish a Presbyterian settlement in England and Ireland
26
Q

Who was the Marquis of Montrose?

A

A Scottish supporter of the crown

27
Q

When was the Montrose rising?

A

Early 1650

28
Q

What was the Montrose rising?

A

A small force of mercenaries in an attempt to raise the Highland clans and sweep Prince Charles into coronation

29
Q

What battle was Montrose’s troops defeated?

A

Carbisdale

30
Q

When was Montrose executed?

A

21 May 1650

31
Q

What was the Treaty of Breda?

A

The settlement between Prince Charles and Scotland

32
Q

What were the negotiations over the Scottish settlement?

A
  • compulsory subscription to the Covenant
  • king and family become Presbyterian
  • no toleration for Catholicism
  • all recent treaties to be annulled

Prince Charles to declare that he honoured Jesus Christ more than his mother and father

33
Q

When was the Treaty of Breda confirmed?

A

1 May 1650

34
Q

When was the battle of Dunbar?

A

September 1650

35
Q

When did General Fairfax retire?

A

Before the Scottish invasion

36
Q

Who became the new Lord General?

A

Oliver Cromwell

37
Q

How many troops were sent to Scotland?

A

-7500 by foot
-3500 cavalry

38
Q

Who was the New Model Army faced with in Scotland?

A

David Leslie, the hero of Marston Moor

39
Q

How many men were commanded under Leslie?

A

22,000

40
Q

What city became occupied by Cromwell?

A

Edinburgh

41
Q

When was the battle of Worcester?

A

September 1651

42
Q

What did an act by the Scottish Parliament in December 1650 allow?

A

Convicted royalists were allowed to fight alongside Covenanters - renewed Scottish Army

43
Q

Who led the Worcester invasion?

A

Prince Charles

44
Q

What was the target of the Worcester invasion?

A

To reach London

45
Q

How big was the New Model Army?

A

28,000

46
Q

How big was the Royalist army?

A

12,000 - most Scots

47
Q

What were the losses at the battle of Worcester?

A

3000 R - 200 P

48
Q

What did Cromwell credit the victory as?

A

Providence

49
Q

What happened to Prince Charles?

A

he escaped into exile in France

AQA History - The English Revolution 1625-1660 (18 decks)

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