(24) The Monarchy Restored

Question 1

Who did Cromwell nominate to succeed him?

Answer 1

Richard Cromwell

Question 2

What was Richard Cromwell like?

Answer 2

• not fought in any of the civil wars
• kept away from London
• had a large family
• not a politically minded man

Question 3

What were the weaknesses of Richard Cromwell’s protectorate?

Answer 3

Financial: it was under strain from war, and army pay was falling into arrears

Divisions: as he could not exclude MPs from the Third Protectorate it had a strong division between military and civilian factions. There were also Republicans, like Haselrig

Question 4

What does arrears mean?

Answer 4

Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier

Question 5

What was the ‘Wallingford House Faction’?

Answer 5

A faction that had originally supported Richard Cromwell but began to sense the army powers were waning and therefore campaigned for proper payment of army arrears

Question 6

How did the Wallingford House Faction take things even further?

Answer 6

They wanted the Grandees to be recognised as an ongoing political force

Question 7

Who was in the Civilian faction?

Answer 7

Thurloe, Monck, Goffe and Cromwell (Henry)

Question 8

Who was in the Military faction?

Answer 8

Fleetwood, Desborough and Lambert

Question 9

Who headed the Wallingford House Faction?

Answer 9

Lambert

Question 10

What had Richard Cromwell let his parliament discuss which resulted in his house arrest?

Answer 10

Reducing the army and limiting religious toleration

Question 11

When was the Third Protectorate Parliament dissolved?

Answer 11

22 April, forced by Major General Desborough

Question 12

What had Richard Cromwell proved?

Answer 12

He was unable to maintain his authority

Question 13

Who still supported the Protectorate system?

Answer 13

Fleetwood and Desborough

Question 14

What question began to be raised?

Answer 14

Whether Lambert could replace Richard as Lord Protector

Question 15

Why did people oppose the Protectorate?

Answer 15

It was too monarchical and turned for a purer authority of the Rump

Question 16

What caused the Rump to be called back?

Answer 16

The religious radicalism of the lower ranks of the army, forcing the Grandees

Question 17

When was the Rump recalled?

Answer 17

7 May 1659

Question 18

What did the Rump immediately do?

Answer 18

Abolish the Protectorate constitution

Question 19

What happened to Richard Cromwell?

Answer 19

He resigned as Protector, and all his debts were cleared

Question 20

How many MPs attended the Rump out of 78?

Answer 20

42

Question 21

Who proposed the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?

Answer 21

John Lambert

Question 22

What was the intent of the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?

Answer 22

The restoration of a commonwealth, without a king/ single person or House of Lords - a Senate would be created that represented the army

Question 23

Who opposed the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?

Answer 23

Haselrig

Question 24

Why did Haselrig lead an opposition?

Answer 24

It intended to reduce the authority of the Commons

Question 25

What did Haselrig propose against the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?

Answer 25

A purge of the military

Question 25

What did Haselrig propose against the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?

Answer 25

A purge of the military

Question 26

What was and when was George Booth’s Rising?

Answer 26

Mobilised an army into a rising in Chesire

Question 27

What did Booth’s rising mean for Prince Charles?

Answer 27

He would take charge of the army?

Question 28

What happened to Booth’s rising?

Answer 28

Lambert put the rebellion down

Question 29

What did Haselrig order in October?

Answer 29

The closure of the door to the Commons and expelled the ringleaders of the army

Question 30

What did Lambert do in reaction to being expelled from the army?

Answer 30

Called on his troops to rally behind him, closing the doors to Parliament from the Rump member on 13 October

Question 31

What was the interim government placed into?

Answer 31

‘Committee of Safety’

Question 32

Who led the Committee of Safety?

Answer 32

Fleetwood

Question 33

Who was called to join the Committee of Safety?

Answer 33

Ludlow, Desborough, Lambert and Ireton (John)

Question 34

Which armies declared a ‘free parliament’?

Answer 34

Monck’s Scottish Army, Fairfax’s forces in Yorkshire and the army in Ireland

Question 35

When did the Committee of Safety end?

Answer 35

Fleetwood resigned in December 1659, the initiative swung back to Haselrig

Question 36

When did the Rump return?

Answer 36

26 Dec, 1659

Question 37

What did Monck achieve?

Answer 37

He headed to London in January, connecting with Fairfax’s forces - and called for the secluded member of the Rump, reforming the Long Parliament

Question 38

When did the Long Parliament’s sessions begin?

Answer 38

February 1660

Question 39

What did the Long Parliament do?

Answer 39

Call for new elections for a fresh Parliament

Question 40

When was the Declaration of Breda?

Answer 40

4 April 1660

Question 41

What was the Declaration of Breda?

Answer 41

It covered all the significant topics that would be issues in a restoration of the monarchy without committing Charles to any specific course of action

Question 42

When was Prince Charles declared king?

Answer 42

8 May 1660

Question 43

What was the Indemnity and Oblivion Act?

Answer 43

A general pardon for those who committed crimes

Question 44

Who was not pardoned by this act?

Answer 44

Those who had committed treason by involving themselves in the execution of King Charles I

Question 45

What was the outcome for those who had signed the regicide?

Answer 45

John Lambert escaped the death penalty by pleading mercy, Henry Vane Jr was beheaded, Crowmell’s body was hanged drawn and quartered, and Haselrig died in prison