(24) The Monarchy Restored Flashcards
Who did Cromwell nominate to succeed him?
Richard Cromwell
What was Richard Cromwell like?
- not fought in any of the civil wars
- kept away from London
- had a large family
- not a politically minded man
What were the weaknesses of Richard Cromwell’s protectorate?
Financial: it was under strain from war, and army pay was falling into arrears
Divisions: as he could not exclude MPs from the Third Protectorate it had a strong division between military and civilian factions. There were also Republicans, like Haselrig
What does arrears mean?
Money that is owed and should have been paid earlier
What was the ‘Wallingford House Faction’?
A faction that had originally supported Richard Cromwell but began to sense the army powers were waning and therefore campaigned for proper payment of army arrears
How did the Wallingford House Faction take things even further?
They wanted the Grandees to be recognised as an ongoing political force
Who was in the Civilian faction?
Thurloe, Monck, Goffe and Cromwell (Henry)
Who was in the Military faction?
Fleetwood, Desborough and Lambert
Who headed the Wallingford House Faction?
Lambert
What had Richard Cromwell let his parliament discuss which resulted in his house arrest?
Reducing the army and limiting religious toleration
When was the Third Protectorate Parliament dissolved?
22 April, forced by Major General Desborough
What had Richard Cromwell proved?
He was unable to maintain his authority
Who still supported the Protectorate system?
Fleetwood and Desborough
What question began to be raised?
Whether Lambert could replace Richard as Lord Protector
Why did people oppose the Protectorate?
It was too monarchical and turned for a purer authority of the Rump
What caused the Rump to be called back?
The religious radicalism of the lower ranks of the army, forcing the Grandees
When was the Rump recalled?
7 May 1659
What did the Rump immediately do?
Abolish the Protectorate constitution
What happened to Richard Cromwell?
He resigned as Protector, and all his debts were cleared
How many MPs attended the Rump out of 78?
42
Who proposed the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?
John Lambert
What was the intent of the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?
The restoration of a commonwealth, without a king/ single person or House of Lords - a Senate would be created that represented the army
Who opposed the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?
Haselrig
Why did Haselrig lead an opposition?
It intended to reduce the authority of the Commons
What did Haselrig propose against the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?
A purge of the military
What did Haselrig propose against the Humble Petition and Address of the Officers?
A purge of the military
What was and when was George Booth’s Rising?
Mobilised an army into a rising in Chesire
What did Booth’s rising mean for Prince Charles?
He would take charge of the army?
What happened to Booth’s rising?
Lambert put the rebellion down
What did Haselrig order in October?
The closure of the door to the Commons and expelled the ringleaders of the army
What did Lambert do in reaction to being expelled from the army?
Called on his troops to rally behind him, closing the doors to Parliament from the Rump member on 13 October
What was the interim government placed into?
‘Committee of Safety’
Who led the Committee of Safety?
Fleetwood
Who was called to join the Committee of Safety?
Ludlow, Desborough, Lambert and Ireton (John)
Which armies declared a ‘free parliament’?
Monck’s Scottish Army, Fairfax’s forces in Yorkshire and the army in Ireland
When did the Committee of Safety end?
Fleetwood resigned in December 1659, the initiative swung back to Haselrig
When did the Rump return?
26 Dec, 1659
What did Monck achieve?
He headed to London in January, connecting with Fairfax’s forces - and called for the secluded member of the Rump, reforming the Long Parliament
When did the Long Parliament’s sessions begin?
February 1660
What did the Long Parliament do?
Call for new elections for a fresh Parliament
When was the Declaration of Breda?
4 April 1660
What was the Declaration of Breda?
It covered all the significant topics that would be issues in a restoration of the monarchy without committing Charles to any specific course of action
When was Prince Charles declared king?
8 May 1660
What was the Indemnity and Oblivion Act?
A general pardon for those who committed crimes
Who was not pardoned by this act?
Those who had committed treason by involving themselves in the execution of King Charles I
What was the outcome for those who had signed the regicide?
John Lambert escaped the death penalty by pleading mercy, Henry Vane Jr was beheaded, Crowmell’s body was hanged drawn and quartered, and Haselrig died in prison
