6. Reacciones Adversas Y Toxíndromes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the phrase that indicates the relationship between dose and toxicity?

A

La dosis hace al veneno

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2
Q

What type of adverse reactions are predictable and dose-dependent?

A

Tipo A: predecibles, dosis/respuesta

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3
Q

Define ‘efecto colateral’.

A

Forma parte de la propia acción del fármaco. Dosis dependiente.

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4
Q

What is the difference between ‘efecto secundario’ and ‘efecto colateral’?

A

Efecto secundario: secundario a los efectos, no es inherente al fármaco.

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5
Q

What increases the risk of adverse effects in medications?

A

Falta de selectividad por órgano (histoespecificidad) o por receptor

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6
Q

What type of adverse reactions are unpredictable and can involve genetic predisposition?

A

Tipo B: impredecibles, idiosincracia, intolerancia y alérgicas

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7
Q

What are polymorphisms in the context of drug reactions?

A

Variaciones genéticas que pueden predisponer a reacciones adversas.

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8
Q

What is required to predict some adverse drug effects?

A

Estudios de farmacogenética

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9
Q

What are the four types of reactions classified as Type B?

A

Reacciones tipo I, II, III y IV

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10
Q

What type of reactions can occur due to prolonged administration of corticosteroids?

A

Tipo C: por administración prolongada, supresión fisiológica

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11
Q

What are delayed effects associated with drugs?

A

Tipo D: efectos diferidos, carcinogénesis y mutagénesis

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12
Q

List some drugs known for their teratogenic effects.

A
  • Talidomida
  • Antiepilépticos
  • Retinoides
  • IECAS
  • Litio
  • Anticonceptivos orales
  • Warfarina
  • Alcohol
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13
Q

Define ‘toxíndrome’.

A

Conjunto de signos y síntomas característicos que permiten identificar una intoxicación específica.

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14
Q

What is the mechanism of action for the Toxíndrome Anticolinérgico?

A

Bloqueo de receptores muscarínicos de acetilcolina.

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15
Q

What are common causes of Toxíndrome Anticolinérgico?

A
  • Antihistamínicos (difenhidramina)
  • Antidepresivos tricíclicos
  • Atropina
  • Escopolamina
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16
Q

What are general symptoms of Toxíndrome Anticolinérgico?

A
  • Taquicardia
  • Midriasis
  • Piel seca
  • Rubor facial
  • Retención urinaria
  • Íleo paralítico
  • Confusión
  • Alucinaciones
  • Agitación (delirio)
17
Q

What is the antidote for Toxíndrome Anticolinérgico?

A

Fisostigmina

18
Q

What is the mechanism of action for Toxíndrome Colinérgico?

A

Exceso de acetilcolina por inhibición de la acetilcolinesterasa.

19
Q

What are common causes of Toxíndrome Colinérgico?

A
  • Insecticidas
  • Armas químicas (gas nervioso)
20
Q

What are the general symptoms of Toxíndrome Colinérgico? (Use the acronym SLUDGE)

A
  • Salivación
  • Lagrimeo
  • Urinación
  • Diarrea
  • Gastroenteritis
  • Emesis
21
Q

What is the antidote for Toxíndrome Colinérgico?

A
  • Atropina
  • Pralidoxima
22
Q

What are the symptoms of Toxíndrome Simpaticomimético?

A
  • Taquicardia
  • Hipertensión
  • Hipertermia
  • Midriasis
  • Diaforesis
  • Agitación psicomotora
23
Q

Is there a specific antidote for Toxíndrome Simpaticomimético?

A

No hay un antídoto específico.

24
Q

What is the antidote for Toxíndrome Opiáceo?

25
What are the common causes of Toxíndrome Opiáceo?
* Morfina * Heroína * Fentanilo * Oxicodona
26
What is the mechanism of action for Toxíndrome Sedante-Hipnótico?
Potenciación del GABA en el sistema nervioso central.
27
What is the antidote for Toxíndrome Sedante-Hipnótico?
Flumazenil
28
What is a critical treatment step in severe Toxíndrome Sedante-Hipnótico cases?
Apoyo ventilatorio puede ser necesario en casos severos.
29
What is the mechanism of action for Toxíndrome Serotoninérgico?
Exceso de serotonina por fármacos que aumentan su concentración.
30
List some common causes of Toxíndrome Serotoninérgico.
* Sobredosis de antidepresivos * Interacción entre medicamentos
31
What are the general symptoms of Toxíndrome Serotoninérgico?
* Hiperreflexia * Clonus * Temblores * Hipertermia * Diaforesis * Confusión * Agitación * Hipertensión * Taquicardia
32
What is the antidote for Toxíndrome Serotoninérgico?
Ciproheptadina
33
What is the importance of controlling hyperthermia in Toxíndrome Serotoninérgico?
Control rápido de la hipertermia es esencial.
34
What is the mechanism of action of atropine?
Antagonista competitivo de los receptores muscarínicos
35
What is the mechanism of action of naloxona?
Antagonista competitivo de los receptores opioides
36
What does CABDE stand for in the context of treating poisonings?
* Circulación * A Vía aérea * B respiración * Disfunción en Sistema Nervioso * Exposición