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[6] NUR102 | MICROPARA > (6) NORMAL BIODATA OF HUMANS > Flashcards

(6) NORMAL BIODATA OF HUMANS Flashcards

1
Q

Other term for Normal Microbiota

A

Normal Microflora

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2
Q

Systematic study of the interrelationship that exists between the organisms of the environment

A

Ecology

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3
Q

Study between the interrelations between the human and the world around them; living and non-living things

A

Human Ecology

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4
Q
  • Study of interrelationships between microbes and the world around them
  • Interaction between human and their normal microflora (normal)
A

Microbial Ecology

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5
Q

Also termed as “Simbiosis”

A

Symbiotic Relationship

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6
Q
  • Refers to living together or close association of two living organisms (differenct species) known as symbionts
A

Symbiotic Relationships

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7
Q
  • A symbiotic relationship where different
    microorganisms have no effect on each other
  • Cactus and tarantula living in a desert
A

Neutralism

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8
Q
  • A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to one and do not harm the other (neither beneficial nor harmful)
  • Barnacles on a whale
  • Bacteria on skin (epidermis; feeds on dead skin)
A

Commensalism

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9
Q
  • A symbiotic relationship that is beneficial to both symbionts and similarly produces positive effect towards each other
  • Bees on flowers
  • Normal intestinal flora (e. coli)
A

Mutualism

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10
Q
  • A symbiotic relationship that is mainly beneficial to one and harmful to another, usually leaves through form of a disease (parasite deprives host of nutrients)
  • Ticks on dogs
  • Mosquitoes on humans
A

Parasitism

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11
Q
  • All microbes on and within the human body do not produce disease under ______, some are even beneficial and help maintain one’s health
A

normal conditions

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12
Q

Disruption in the normal microbiota

A

Dysbiosis

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13
Q
  • Pathogens that wait for the opportunity to cause disease
  • When the host’s immune system is compromised
  • Can cause a disease when given access to blood, urinary bladder, lungs, and place where they do not belong
A

Opportunistic Pathogens

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14
Q

The healthy fetus is ______, following the rupture of the bag of water

A

unsterile

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15
Q

Maternal Factors for Gut Colonization in Infants
- (1) _______
- (2) _______
- (3) _______
- (4) _______
- (5) _______
- (6) _______

A

(1) Weight gain
(2) BMI
(3) Nutrition
(4) Type of Delivery
(5) Type of Feeding
(6) Antibiotics

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16
Q
  • Relatively fixed and are regularly found in a given area of the body at a given age
A

Resident Microbita (Resident Flora)

17
Q

Conditions for favorable growth of resident microbiota includes (depends on the part of body where they reside in):
(1) _________
(2) _________
(3) _________
(4) _________

A

(1) Moisture
(2) pH
(3) Temperature
(4) Nutrients

18
Q
  • Take up temporary residence on and within humans through their constant exposure to favorable external environment
  • Found on skin/mucus membrances
  • Can be present from minutes, hours, days, to weeks (not months)
A

Transient Microbiota (Transitent Flora)

19
Q

Transient Microbiota are only temporary because:
(1) They may be ______ from external areas
(2) Not able to _______ with the resident microbiota
(3) Fail to survive the _______ of the body
(4) Killed by substances produced by the _______
(5) Flushed away by _______

A

(1) washed away
(2) compete
(3) acidic and alkaline environments
(4) resident flora
(5) bodily excretions/secretions

20
Q

MICROBIOTA OF SKIN
- Composition: (1) ______

  • Type: Mostly (2) ______ in deeper layers of the skin, hair follicles, sweat, and sebaceous glands
  • Most common microbes: From (3) _______, _________, and ________
  • Location: Skin near (4) _______ and _______ of the body
A

(1) Bacteria and Fungi
(2) Anaerobes
(3) Genus Staphylococcus, Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium
(4) Skin near mucosal openings and moist folds of the body

21
Q

Important Considerations for Microbiota of Skin
1. Frequent _____
2. Proper ______
3. Particularly ______ (for healthcare professionals)

A

(1) Handwashing
(2) Hygiene
(3) Careful

22
Q

MICROBIOTA EYES
- Scant (barely sufficient) amount due to flow of tears containing (1) _______ that interfere with cell wall synthesis

  • The external surface of the eyes are lubricated, cleansed, and protected by (2) _______
A

(1) lysozyme
(2) tears, mucus, and sebum

23
Q

MICROBIOTA OF EARS
- The middle ear and inner ear are (1) ______

  • The outer ear and the auditory canal contain (2) ______ also present on the skin
A

(1) sterile
(2) microbes

24
Q

When a person coughs, sneezes, or blows their nose, microbes may be carried along the _______ which leads to the middle ear, causing infection

A

eustachian tube

25
Q

MICROBIOTA OF ORAL CAVITY
- Affords shelter for both (1) ______ and ______ microbes

  • Found in (2) _______ margins, crevices between the _____, and deep folds of the surface of the ______
  • Examples include cocci and bacilli, spirochetes, yeasts, moldlike organisms, protozoa, and viruses
A

(1) Anaerobic and Aerobic
(2) Gum, Teeth, Tonsils

26
Q

Microbes responsible for dental plaque

A

Streptococcus mutans

27
Q

MICROBIOTA OF UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT
- Population is (1) ______

  • Microbes are generally (2) ______
  • Includes initial colonization of N. meningitidis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bordatella pertussis
A

(1) varied
(2) harmless

28
Q

The microbiota of the nasal passages and throat provide the following benefits to the upper respiratory tract:
(1) _______
(2) Excellent conditions for ________

A

(1) Moist and warm mucus membrance
(2) microbial growth

29
Q

MICROBIOTA OF LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT
- Normally (1) ______ (free of microbes)

  • Organisms are destroyed by (2) _______ which are defense mechanisms
A

(1) sterile
(2) alveolar macrophages

30
Q

MICROBIOTA OF GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT
- Minimal bacteria due to stomach’s hostile environment
- (1) ______ - survives stomach acidity due to urease; can cause duodenal ulcer

  • Few microflora exist in the small intestine due to constant (2) ______
  • The (3) _____ contains the largest number of microbes
A

(1) Helicobacter pylori
(2) perisitalsis
(3) colon

31
Q
  • Helps in the alkalinization of the stomach acid for H. pylori to survive
  • Allows colonization of H. pylori
A

Urease

32
Q

MICROBIOTA OF GENITOURINARY TRACT
- The kidneys, ureters, and urinary bladder are (1) _____
- The (2) _____ and the ______ consist of numerous microbes (bacteria, yeasts, viruses)

A

(1) sterile
(2) 1cm distal urethra; external meatus

33
Q

MICROBIOTA OF GENITOURINARY TRACT [CONT’D]
- The reproductive systems of both men and women are normally sterile, except the (1) ______

  • Vaginal microflora depends on age, hormonal levels, and vaginal pH:
  • Female Infant: (2) ______
  • 1 month of age to puberty: (3) _____ due to cessation of glycogen production
  • Puberty until menopause: (4) _____ due to resumption of glycogen secretion
  • After menopause: (5) _____
A

(1) vagina
(2) lactobacillus spp.
(3 neutral = pH 7.0
(4) acidic = pH 4 to 5
(5) pH > 5

34
Q
  • Certain intestinal bacteria are beneficial to because they produce useful (1) _______
  • Synthesis of Vit. K & B12, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, and biotin through their secretions
A

(1) vitamins and other nutrients

35
Q
  • Literally means microbes vs. microbes
  • Prevents other microbes to become established
    in or colonize a particular anatomic location
  • Synthesis of substances that inhibit growth of pathogens
A

Microbial Antagonism

36
Q
  • Involves the ingestion of bacteria and yeast to reestablish and stabilize the microbial balance with the bodies.
  • This can be in the form of various products that can be used in humans.
A

Biotherapeutic Agents

37
Q
  • Organisms that are hanging around and wait for the right time to cause infection.
  • Usually takes place when the host tends to be immunocompromised
A

Opportunistic Infections

[6] NUR102 | MICROPARA (9 decks)

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