6 Mood Disorders And Suicide Flashcards
Major depressive episode
Most common insecure experience of depression, including feelings of worthlessness, disturbances in bodily activities such as sleep, loss of interest, and inability to experience pleasure, persisting at least two weeks.
Mood disorders
One of a group of disorders involving severe and enduring disturbances in emotionality ranging from elation to severe depression.
Mania
Period of abnormally excessive elation or euphoria associated with some mood disorders.
Hypomanic episode
Less severe and less disruptive version of a manic episode that is one of the criteria for several mood disorders.
Mixed manic episode or dysphoric manic episode
Condition in which the individual experiences both elation and depression or anxiety at the same time. Also known as dysphoric manic episode.
Major depressive disorder, single or recurrent episode
Mood disorder involving one major depressive episode; mood disorder involving multiple (separated by at least two months without depression) major depressive episodes.
Dysthymic disorder
Mood disorder involving persistently depressed mood, with low self-esteem, withdrawal, pessimism, or despair, present for at least two years, with no absence of symptoms for more than two months.
Double depression
Severe mood disorder typified by major depressive episodes superimposed over a background of dysthymic disorder.
Hallucinations
Psychotic symptoms of perceptual disturbance in which something is seen, heard, or otherwise sensed although it is not actually present.
Delusions
Psychotic symptoms involving disorder of thought content and presence of strong beliefs that are misrepresentations of reality.
Catalepsy
Motor movement disturbance seen in people with some psychosis and mood disorders in which body postures can be “sculpted” to remain fixed for long periods.
Seasonal affective disorder (SAD)
Mood disorder involving cycling of episodes corresponding to the seasons of the year, typically with depression occurring during the winter.
Pathological or impacted grief reaction
Extreme reaction to the death of a loved one that involves psychotic features, suicidal ideation, or severe loss of weight or energy or that persists more than two months. Also known as impacted grief reaction
Bipolar II disorder
Alternation of major depressive episodes with hypomanic episodes (not full manic episodes).
Bipolar I disorder
Alternation of major depressive episodes with full manic episodes.
Cyclothymic disorder
Chronic (at least two years) mood disorder characterized by alternating mood elevation and depression levels that are not as severe as manic or major depressive episodes.
Neurohormones
Hormone that affects the brain and is increasingly the focus of study in psychopathology.
Learned helplessness theory of depression
Martin Seligman’s theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over the stress in their lives (whether or not they actually have control).
Depressive cognitive triad
Thinking errors by depressed people negatively focused in three areas: themselves, their immediate world, and their future.
Mood-stabilizing drug
A medication used in the achievement of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, that is effective in preventing and treating pathological shifts in mood.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
Biological treatment for severe chronic depression involving the application of electrical impulses through the brain to produce seizures. The reasons for its effectiveness are unknown.
Cognitive therapy
Treatment approach that involves identifying in altering negative thinking styles related to psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety and replacing them with more positive beliefs and attitudes – and, ultimately, more adaptive behavior and coping styles.
Interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT)
Brief treatment approach that emphasizes resolution of interpersonal problems and stressors, such as role disputes in marital conflict, forming relationships and marriage, or a new job. It has demonstrated effectiveness for such problems as depression.
Maintenance treatment
Combination of continued psychosocial treatment, medication, or both designed to prevent relapse following therapy.
Suicidal ideation
Serious thoughts about committing suicide.
Suicidal plans
The formulation of a specific method of killing oneself.
Psychological autopsy
Postmortem psychological profile of a suicide victim constructed from interviews with people who knew the person before death.
