2 An Integrated Approach To Psychopathology

Question 0

Diathesis-stress model

Answer 0

Hypothesis that an inherited tendency (evolvability) and specific stressful conditions are required to produce a disorder.

Question 1

Multidimensional integrative approach

Answer 1

Approach to the study of psychopathology that holds psychological disorders are always the products of multiple interacting causal factors.

Question 2

Vulnerability

Answer 2

Susceptibility or tendency to develop a disorder

Question 3

Reciprocal gene-environment model

Answer 3

Hypothesis that people with a genetic predisposition for disorder may also have genetic tendency to create environmental risk factors that promote the disorder.

Question 4

Epigenetics

Answer 4

The study of factors other then inherited DNA sequence, such as new learning or stress, that alter the phenotypic expression of genes.

Question 5

Inverse agonist

Answer 5

In neuroscience, a chemical substance that produces effects opposite those of a particular neurotransmitter.

Question 6

Reuptake

Answer 6

Action by which neurotransmitters quickly drawn back into the discharging neuron after being released into the synaptic cleft.

Question 7

Glutamate

Answer 7

Amino acid neurotransmitter that excites many different neurons, leading to action.

Question 8

GABA

Answer 8

Neurotransmitter that reduces activity across the synaptic cleft and thus inhibits a range of behaviors and emotions, especially generalized anxiety.

Question 9

Serotonin

Answer 9

Neurotransmitter involved in processing of information and cord nation of movement, as well as inhibition and restraint. It also assists in the regulation is eating, sexual, and aggressive behaviors, all of which may be involved in different psychological disorders. It’s interaction with dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia.

Question 10

Dopamine

Answer 10

Transmitter whose generalized function is to activate other euro transmitters and to aid in exploratory and pleasure-seeking behaviors (thus balancing serotonin). A relative excess of dopamine is implicated in schizophrenia, and it’s deficit is involved in Parkinson’s disease.

Question 11

Cognitive science

Answer 11

Field of study that examines how humans and other animals acquire, process, store, and retrieve information.

Question 12

Learned helplessness

Answer 12

Martin Seligman’s Theory that people become anxious and depressed when they make an attribution that they have no control over this stress in their lives.

Question 13

Modeling (observational learning)

Answer 13

Learning through observation and imitation of the behavior of other individuals and consequences of that behavior.

Question 14

Prepared learning

Answer 14

Ability adaptive for evolution, allowing certain associations to be learned more readily than others.

Question 15

Implicit memory

Answer 15

Condition of memory in which a person cannot recall past events despite acting in response to them.

Question 16

Flight or fight response

Answer 16

Biological reaction to alarm stressors that musters the body’s resources to resist or flee a threat.

Question 17

Emotion

Answer 17

Pattern of action elicited by an external events and a feeling states, accompanied by characteristic physiological response.

Question 18

Mood

Answer 18

Enduring period of emotionality.

Question 19

Affect

Answer 19

Conscious, subjective aspect of an emotion that companies an action at a given time.

Question 20

Equifinality

Answer 20

Developmental psychopathology principle that behavior or disorder may have several causes.