3

Question 0

Diagnosis

Answer 0

Process of determining whether presenting problem meets the established criteria for specific psychological disorder.

Question 1

Clinical assessment

Answer 1

Systematic evaluation and measurement of psychological, biological, and social factors in a person presenting with a possible psychological disorder.

Question 2

Mental status exam

Answer 2

Relatively course preliminary test of a client’s judgment, orientation to time and place, and emotional and mental state; typically conducted during an initial interview.

1. Appearance and behavior
2. Thought processes
3. Mood and affect
4. Intellectual functioning
5. Sensorium

Question 3

Standardization

Answer 3

Process of establishing specific norms and requirements for measurement technique to ensure it is used consistently across measurement locations. This includes instructions for administering the measure, evaluating its findings, and comparing these to data for March numbers of people.

Question 4

Behavioral assessment

Answer 4

Measuring, observing, and systematically evaluating (rather than inferring) the client’s thoughts, feelings, and behavior in the actual problem situation or context.

Question 5

Self-monitoring

Answer 5

The action by which clients observe and record their own behaviors as either an assessment of a problem and exchange or a treatment procedure that makes them more aware of the responses. Also known as self-observation.

Question 6

Projective tests

Answer 6

Psychoanalytically based measure that presents an ambiguous stimuli
to clients on the assumption that their responses can reveal their unconscious conflicts. Such tests are inferential and Alachale reliability and validity.

Question 7

Personality inventories

Answer 7

Self-report questionnaire that assesses personal traits by asking respondents to identify descriptions that apply to themselves.

Question 8

Intelligence quotient

Answer 8

Score on an intelligence test estimating a person’s deviation from average test performance.

Question 9

Neuropsychological testing

Answer 9

Assessment of brain and nervous system functioning by testing an individual’s performance on behavioral tasks.

Question 10

False positive

Answer 10

Assessment error in which pathology is reported when none is actually present.

Question 11

False-negative

Answer 11

Assessment error which no pathology is is noted when one is actually present.

Question 12

Psychophysiological assessment

Answer 12

Measurement of changes in the nervous system reflecting psychological or emotional events such as anxiety, stress, and sexual arousal.

Question 13

Idiographic strategy

Answer 13

A close and detailed investigation of an individual emphasizing what makes that person unique.

Question 14

Nomothetic strategy

Answer 14

Identification examination of large groups of people with the same disorder to note similarities and develop general laws.

Question 15

Classification

Answer 15

Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics.

Question 16

Taxonomy

Answer 16

System of naming a classification in science.

Question 17

Nosology

Answer 17

Classification and naming system for medical and psychological phenomena.

Question 18

Nomenclature

Answer 18

In a naming system or nosology, the actual labels or names that are applied. In psychopathology, these include new disorders and eating disorders.

Question 19

Classical categorical approach

Answer 19

Classification method founded on the assumption of clear-cut differences among disorders, each with a different known cause. Also known as pure categorical approach.

Question 20

Dimensional approach

Answer 20

Method of categorizing characteristics on a continuum rather than on a binary, either-or, or all-or-non-basis.

Question 21

Prototypical approach

Answer 21

System for categorizing disorders using both essential, defining characteristics and a range of variation on other characteristics.

Question 22

Familial aggregation

Answer 22

The extent to which disorder would be found among the patient’s relatives.

Question 23

Labeling

Answer 23

Applying a name to a phenomenon or pattern of behavior. The label may acquire negative connotations or be applied erroneously to the person rather than that person’s behaviors.

Question 24

Analog model

Answer 24

Approach to research the employs subjects who are similar to clinical client, allowing replication of a critical problem under controlled conditions.

Question 25

Patient uniformity myth

Answer 25

Tendency to consider all members of a category as more similar than they are, going to individual differences.

Question 26

Epidemiology

Answer 26

Psychopathology research method examining the prevalence, distribution, and consequences of disorders in populations.

Question 27

Variability

Answer 27

Degree of change in a phenomenon overtime.

Question 28

Trend

Answer 28

Direction of change of behavior or behaviors

Question 29

Level

Answer 29

Degree of behavior change with different interventions

Question 30

Family studies

Answer 30

Genetic study that examines patterns of traits and behaviors among relatives.

Question 31

Proband

Answer 31

In genetics research, the individual displaying the trait or characteristic being studied

Question 32

Genetic linkage analysis

Answer 32

Study that seeks to match the inheritance pattern of a disorder to that of a genetic marker. This helps researchers establish the location of the gene responsible for the disorder.

Question 33

Genetic marker

Answer 33

Inherited characteristics for which the chromosomal location of the responsible gene is known.

Question 34

Association studies

Answer 34

Research strategy for comparing genetic markers in groups of people with and without a particular disorder.

Question 35

Cohort

Answer 35

Participants in each age group of a study with a cross-sectional design.

Question 36

Cohort effect

Answer 36

Observation that people of different age groups differ in their values and experiences.

Question 37

Retrospective information

Answer 37

Literally “The view back”; data collected by examining records or recollections of the past. It is limited by the accuracy, validity, and thoroughness of the sources.

Question 38

Cross-generational effect

Answer 38

Limit on the generalizability of longitudinal research because the group understudy may differ from others in culture and experience

Question 39

Sequential design

Answer 39

Combination of cross-sectional and longitudinal designs involving repeated study of different cohorts overtime.