6. Attachment and Intimacy

Question 1

For our ancestors, mutual attachments enabled ____.

Answer 1

group survival

Question 2

The act of excluding or ignoring someone from a group or society as a form of social control or social rejection

Answer 2

ostracism

Question 3

Factors that lead to friendship

Answer 3

1. Proximity
2. Physical Attractiveness
3. Similarity
4. Feeling liked nurtures
   liking and loving.

Question 4

refers to geographical nearness or more precisely, “functional distance” that powerfully predicts liking.

Answer 4

Proximity

Question 5

contributes to the wariness of the unfamiliar, explaining the automatic and unconscious prejudice experienced towards those who are different.

Answer 5

mere exposure effect

Question 6

The tendency for novel stimuli to be
liked more or rated more positively
after the rater has been repeatedly
exposed to them

Answer 6

mere exposure effect

Question 7

is important in dating, particularly on first impressions. However, as relationships develop over time, people prioritize personality traits and shared interests over physical appearance.

Answer 7

Physical attractiveness

Question 8

The tendency for men and women to choose as partners those who are a “good match” in attractiveness and other traits.

Answer 8

matching phenomenon

Question 9

The presumption that physically
attractive people possess other
socially desirable traits as well: What is beautiful is good.

Answer 9

physical attractiveness stereotype

Question 10

perceived promptly and primes positive processing.

Answer 10

physical attractiveness

Question 11

mostly affects first impressions and it doesn’t always outrank other qualities.

Answer 11

physical attractiveness

Question 12

is whatever the people of any given place and time find attractive.

Answer 12

attractiveness

Question 13

Perception of attractiveness is influenced by exposure
to idealized images and standards.

Answer 13

social comparison

Question 14

tends to make us see
those we like as being like us.

Answer 14

false consensus bias

Question 15

The use of strategies, such as
flattery, by which people seek to gain another’s favor.

Answer 15

ingratiation

Question 16

The theory that we like those whose behavior is rewarding to us or whom we associate with rewarding events.

Answer 16

reward theory of attraction

Question 17

the closeness each partner feels to the other and the strength of the bond that binds them together.

Answer 17

intimacy

Question 18

based on romantic feelings, physical attraction, and sexual intimacy with the partner.

Answer 18

passion

Question 19

represents cognitive factors such as
acknowledging that one is in love and committed to maintaining the
relationship.

Answer 19

commitment

Question 20

A state of intense longing for union with another.

Answer 20

passionate love

Question 21

is emotional, exciting, and intense.

Answer 21

passionate love

Question 22

it often involves an idealization of the other person and a need to maintain constant physical closeness.

Answer 22

passionate love

Question 23

An emotional arousal caused by an
exciting experience such as an
amusement park ride may be confused for sexual attraction.

a theory of passionate love

Answer 23

Two-factor theory of emotion

Question 24

makes the heart grow fonder

Answer 24

adrenaline

Question 25

is the affection we feel for those with whom our lives are deeply intertwined.

Answer 25

companionate love

Question 26

is a powerful survival impulse.

Answer 26

attachment

Question 27

refer to the way our primary caregivers interacted with us as infants, and how those interactions affect our relationships in adulthood

Answer 27

attachment styles

Question 28

Attachments rooted in trust and marked by intimacy

Answer 28

secure attachment

Question 29

Attachments marked by discomfort over, or resistance to, being close to others.

Answer 29

avoidant attachment

Question 30

Attachments marked by anxiety or ambivalence. An insecure attachment style.

Answer 30

Anxious attachment

Question 31

is a condition in which the outcomes people receive from a relationship are proportional to what they contribute to it.

Answer 31

equity

Question 32

refers to revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others.

Answer 32

self-disclosure

Question 33

tendency for one person’s intimacy of self-disclosure to match that of a conversational partner

Answer 33

disclosure reciprocy

Question 34

A motive to increase another’s welfare without conscious regard for one’s self-interests.

Answer 34

altruism

Question 35

The theory that human interactions are transactions that aim to maximize one’s rewards and minimize one’s costs.

Answer 35

social exchange theory

Question 36

An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them

Answer 36

reciprocity norm

Question 37

An expectation that people will help those needing help.

Answer 37

social-responsibility

Question 38

If you carry my genes, I’ll favor you. The idea that evolution has selected altruism toward one’s close relatives to enhance the survival of mutually shared genes.

Answer 38

kin selection

Question 39

We scratch each other’s backs. Genetic self-interest also predicts reciprocity. An organism helps another because it expects help in return

Answer 39

Direct reciprocity:

Question 40

I’ll scratch your back, you scratch someone’s, and someone will scratch mine.

Answer 40

Indirect reciprocity:

Question 41

Back-scratching groups survive. When groups are in competition, groups of mutually supportive altruists outlast groups of nonaltruists

Answer 41

Group selection:

Question 42

The vicarious experience of another’s feelings; putting oneself in another’s shoes.

Answer 42

Empathy

Question 43

People are more likely to help someone if no one sees him helping someone else.

Answer 43

bystaders

Question 44

People are more likely to help someone if no one sees him helping someone else.

Answer 44

bystander effect

Question 45

People are more likely to help someone if no one sees him helping someone else.

Answer 45

Bystanders

Question 46

Indicative of someone who highly values getting along with others.

Answer 46

agreeableness

Question 47

a personality trait that refers to an individual's ability to regulate their behavior to fit different social situations.

Answer 47

self-monitoring

Question 48

more often help when strangers who need help are faced with potentially dangerous situations.

Answer 48

men

Question 49

are slightly more likely to help in safer situations.

Answer 49

women

Question 50

predicts altruism, as reflected in volunteerism and charitable contributions

Answer 50

religious faith

Question 51

how to promote altruism?

Answer 51

reverse those factors that inhibit it.

Question 52

refers to observing and learning from the actions of others.

Answer 52

Real-life modeling

Question 53

refers to the idea that prosocial media can positively influence viewers' behavior, promoting altruism.

Answer 53

Media Modeling