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Social Psychology > 3. Social Mutation > Flashcards

3. Social Mutation Flashcards

1
Q

Prejudice

A

A preconceived negative judgment of a group and its individual members

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2
Q

Dual attitudes

A
  • refer to the idea that an individual can have two different attitudes; (1) Implicit Attitude: refers to an intuitive response or gut
    reaction, and (2) Explicit Attitude: refers to a more deliberate,
    thought-out response
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3
Q

Stereotypes

A

social belief about the personal attributes of a group of people that supports the negative evaluations which marks prejudice

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4
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustified negative behavior toward a group or its members

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5
Q

Define Prejudice and Discrimination in terms of attitude and behavior

A

If Prejudice is a negative attitude, discrimination on the other hand is a negative behavior

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6
Q

Microaggression

A

indirect actions, typically unintentional, that convey negative or discriminatory attitudes (e.g., avoiding sitting next to someone of another race)

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7
Q

Subtle Racial Prejudice Types

A
  • Microaggression
  • Bias
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8
Q

Bias

A

also appears in subtle forms, such as giving exaggerated praise to minorities to avoid seeming prejudiced or providing less critical feedback

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9
Q

Automatic Prejudice

A

set of unconscious, unintentional, and effortless attitudes or stereotypes, influenced by social and cultural factors

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10
Q

Displays of Racial Prejudice and Discrimination

A

➷ Employment discrimination
➷ Favoritism galore
➷ Interactions with police
➷ Patronizing behavior

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11
Q

Gender Prejudice

A

Also referred to as sexism, is explored through various dimensions, examining both the structural and individual biases against genders

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12
Q

Two forms of sexism

A
  • hostile sexism, which includes openly negative attitudes or actions towards a particular gender
  • benevolent sexism, which may appear positive but reinforces traditional gender roles
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13
Q

Hostile Sexism

A

Reflects overtly negative attitudes toward women, particulaly those who challenge traditional gender roles or strive for equality

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14
Q

Benevolent Sexism

A

subtler form of sexism that is characterized by attitudes that seem positive or protective but ultimately reinforce traditional gender roles and stereotypes

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15
Q

Gender discrimination

A

is discussed as a form of prejudice that involves unequal
treatment of individuals based on their gender

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16
Q

Social Sources of prejudice

A

interplay of different social institutions (social class, religion, politics, etc) in forming prejudice

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17
Q

Social Inequalities

A

Unequal status breeds prejudice; prejudice helps justify
the economic and social superiority of those who have
wealth and power

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18
Q

Social Dominance Orientation

A

A motivation to have one’s group dominate other social groups

19
Q

The Authoritarian Personality

A

Personality that is disposed to favor obedience to authority and intolerance of outgroups and those lower
in status

20
Q

T or F
Authoritarian Personality doesn’t co-occurs with prejudiced
attitudes

A

False, it does

21
Q

The Scapegoat Theory

A

The tendency to blame someone else for one’s own problems

22
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

Humans are naturally social, evolved to survive and thrive in groups

23
Q

Ingroup Bias

A

Group identities define who we are and who we aren’t,
creating an “us vs. them” mindset

24
Q

Need For Status, Self-Regard, And Belonging

A

To perceive ourselves as having status, we need people below us. Thus, one psychological benefit of prejudice, or of any status system, is a feeling of superiority

25
Q

Terror Management Theory

A

people’s self-protective emotional and cognitive responses (including adhering more strongly to their cultural worldviews and prejudices) when confronted with reminders of their mortality.

26
Q

Spontaneous Categorization

A

tendency to classify people highlights our brain’s
instinct to create distinct groups, even when there are variations

27
Q

Output homogeneity effect

A

perception of outgroup members as more similar to one another than are ingroup members. Thus “they are alike; we are diverse

28
Q

Own-race bias

A

tendency for people to more accurately recognize faces of their own race

29
Q

Own-age bias

A

tendency for both children and older adults to more accurately identify faces from their own ace groups

30
Q

Stigma consciousness

A

person’s expectations of being victimized by prejudice or discrimination

31
Q

Vivid Cases

A

Refer to instances that stand out due to their striking, unusual, or emotionally impactful nature

32
Q

availability heuristic

A

where people judge the frequency or likelihood of events based on how easily examples come to mind

33
Q

Distinctive Events Foster Illusory Correlations

A

Tendency for people to perceive a relationship between two unusual or memorable events, even if no actual association exists

34
Q

Illusory correlations

A

occur when individuals overestimate the frequency or significance of co-occurrences between rare or notable events

35
Q

Attribution Theory

A

explores how people explain the behavior of themselves and others, categorizing explanations as either; Dispositional attribution, Situational attribution, Group-Serving Bias

36
Q

Dispositional attribution

A

Attributing behavior to internal traits or characteristics
(e.g., personality

37
Q

Situational attribution

A

Attributing behavior to external circumstances or
environmental factors

38
Q

Group-Serving Bias

A

refers to a tendency to favor one’s own group when making attributions for behavior or events

39
Q

The Just-World Phenomenon

A

where people tend to believe that the world is inherently fair and that people get what they deserve

40
Q

Self-Perpetuating Prejudgments

A
  • Subtyping
  • Subgrouping
41
Q

Subtyping

A

Accommodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by thinking of them as “exceptions to the rule

42
Q

Subgrouping

A

Accommodating individuals who deviate from one’s stereotype by forming a new stereotype about this subset of the group

43
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

A self-confirming apprehension that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

44
Q

Stereotype threat situations have immediate
effects…

A

performance deficits and disidentification

Social Psychology (9 decks)

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