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Anatomy 1 > 6- Anterior Neck > Flashcards

6- Anterior Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Label these Pertinent Bony Landmarks of the head

A
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2
Q

Superficial Musculature: PLATYSMA

Where does it Project from?

A

PLATYSMA projects from the mandible.

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3
Q

Platysma:

it projects from the Mandible

and

blends with the _______ ______

A

Pectoral Fascia

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4
Q

What is the Platysma innervated by?

hint CN:?

A

Playsma is innervated by CN VII

aka

Facial Nerve

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5
Q

Platysma:

what is the main FUNCTION?

A

Main function is to tense the skin of the Anterior neck

also has the ability to depress the Mandible

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6
Q

Label these Superficial Musculatures

A
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7
Q

What does SCM stand for?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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8
Q

How many heads does SCM have?

and what are they called?

A

Sternocleidomastoid has 2 heads

Sternal Head

Clavicular Head

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9
Q

Where does the SCM attach to(3)?

A

The Sternocleidomastoid attaches to:

Mastoid Process

Manubrium of Sternum

Medial 1/3 of Clavicle

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10
Q

What is the Sternocleidomastoid innervated by?

HINT: CN?

A

SCM is innervated by CN XI aka Spinal accessory nerve

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11
Q

What are the Functions of SCM?

A

The Sternocleidomastoid’s functions are:

Bilaterally- cervical flexion

Unilaterally- ipsilateral sidebending and contralateral rotation

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12
Q

What are the 3 Boundaries of the Posterior Triangle?

A

1- SCM anteriorly

2- Upper Trapezius Posteriorly

3- Clavicle Inferiorly

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13
Q

What are the 9 Contents of the Posterior Triangle formed by the SCM, Trapezius, and Clavicle?

A

1- CN XI aka Spinal Accessory Nerve

2- Branches of Cervical Plexus

3- Roots and Trunks of Brachial Plexus

4- Phrenic nerves (C3, C4, C5)

5- Subclavian Artery

6- Inferior Belly of Omohyoid

7- All 3 Scalene Muscles

8- Levator Scapula

9- Splenius Cervicis/Capitus

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14
Q

What is the Borders of the Anterior Triangle (3)?

A

1- Midline of the Neck Anteriorly

2- SCM Posteriorly

3- Mandible Superiorly

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15
Q

What is the 2 Contents of the Anterior Triangle?

A

1- Supra-hyoid muscles

2-Infra-hyoid muscles

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16
Q

There is a Superficial Musculature called Scalene. They are also split into 3 parts. What are three parts called?

A

1- Anterior scalene

2- Middle scalene

3- Posterior scalene

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17
Q

Whare is the attachment of Anterior scalene?

A

Transverse Process of C3-C6

to

1st Rib

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18
Q

What are the attachments of Middle scalene?

A

Transverse processes of C2-C6

to

1st Rib

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19
Q

What are the attachments of Posterior scalene?

A

Transverse processes of C5-C7

to

2nd rib

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20
Q

What muscle is the Posterior scalene found deep to?

A

Posterior scalene is found deep to Levator Scapula

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21
Q

What are all 3 Scalenes innervated by?

A

All 3 are innervated by

Anterior rami

of

Cervical Spinal Nerves

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22
Q

What are the three Actions capable of the Scalenes?

A

1- Bilaterally- Cervical Flexion

2- Unilaterally: Ipsilateral- Cervical sidebending

3- Unilaterally: Contralateral- Cervical rotation

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23
Q

Label the Hyoid and Larynx area

A
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24
Q

Label of Vocal folds of the Larynx

A
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25
Q

Name the 5 Infrahyoid Musculatures

A

1- Sternohyoid

2- Omohyoid

3- Thryohyoid

4- Sternothyroid

5- Cricothyroid

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26
Q

What are the attachements of the Sternohyoid?

A

The Sternohyoid attaches from Manubrium to Hyoid

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27
Q

What innervates the Sternohyoid?

A

The Sternohyoid is innervated by the Cervical Anterior Rami

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28
Q

During Deglutination, what does the Sternhyoid cause the Hyoid to do?

A

Depresses the Hyoid during Deglutination (swallowing)

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29
Q

The Omohyoid is split into two parts known as “bellies” , what are they called?

A

1- Superior belly

2- Inferior belly

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30
Q

What are the attachments of the Omohyoid?

A

The Omohyoid attaches from Superior angle of Scapula to the Hyoid

***the intermediate tendon tethers to the Clavicle via a Fascial Sling***

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31
Q

The Omohyoid’s intermediate tendon tethers to what?

and by does it hang off of it?

A

The intermediate tendon is tethered to the clavicle via the Fascial Sling

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32
Q

What is the Omohyoid innervated by?

A

The Omohyoid is innervated by the Cervical Anterior rami

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33
Q

What is the function of the Omohyoid?

A

it can depress and retract the Hyoid

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34
Q

What are the attachments of the Tyhrohyoid?

A

The Thyrohyoid attaches from the Thyroid cartilage to the Hyoid

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35
Q

Thyrohyoid is innervated by what?

A

Thyrohyoid is innervated by CN XII (Facial)

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36
Q

What does the Thyrohyoid do?

A

The Thyrohyoid depresses the hyoid

and

Elevates the Larynx

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37
Q

What are the attachments of the Sternothyroid?

A

The Sternothyroid attaches from Manubrium to Thyroid cartilage

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38
Q

What innervates the Sternothyroid?

A

The Sternothyroid is innervated by the Cervical Anterior Rami

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39
Q

What does the Sternohyoid do?

A

Sternohyoid depresses the Hyoid

and

depresses the Larynx

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40
Q

What are the attachments of the Cricothyroid?

A

The Cricothyroid is attached from the Cricoid Cartilage to the Thyroid Cartilage

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41
Q

What innervates the Cricothyroid?

A

Cricothyroid is innervated by CN X aka Vagus Nerve

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42
Q

What does the Cricothyroid do?

A

The Cricothyroid causes the Vocal Folds to Tense up for PHONATION

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43
Q

What are the 4 Suprahyoid Musculatures?

A

1- Digastric

2- Stylohyoid

3- Mylohyoid

4- Geniohyoid

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44
Q

How many bellies does Digastric have and what is it called?

A

2

Anterior belly

and

Posterior belly

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45
Q

What are the attachments of Digastric?

A

Digastic attaches from Mandible to Mastoid process

***has an intermediate tendon tethered to Hyoid via Fascial Sling***

46
Q

The Digastric attaches from the Mandible to the Mastoid Process. It also has an intermediate tendon. What does it tether to and by what/via what?

A

The Digastric tethers to the Hyoid via Fascial Sling

47
Q

What is the Digastric innervated by?

A

The Digastric is innervated by CN VII aka Facial nerve

48
Q

What is the function of Digastric?

A

The Digastric elevates the hyoid during Deglutination

and

Depresses mandible against resistance (Forceful)

49
Q

What are the attachments of Stylohyoid?

A

Stylolyoid attaches from the Styloid Process to the Hyoid

50
Q

What does the Stylohyoid run parallel to?

A

The Stylohyoid runs Anteriorly, parallel to the Posterior belly of Digastric

51
Q

What innervated the Stylohyoid?

A

The Stylohyoid is innervated by CN VII aka Facial nerve

52
Q

What does the Stylohyoid do?

A

Stylohyoid Elevates the Hyoid

and

Retracts the Hyoid

53
Q

What are the attachments of Mylohyoid?

A

The Mylohyoid attaches from the Mandible

to

Hyoid

54
Q

What innervated the Mylohyoid?

A

Mylohyoid is innervated by CN V3 aka Mandibular branch of the Trigeminal nerve

55
Q

What does the Mylohyoid do?

A

Mylohyoid Elevates the Hyoid, floor of the Mouth, and Tongue during

Deglutination

56
Q

What are the attachments for Geniohyoid?

A

Geniohyoid attaches from Mandible to Hyoid

it runs almost perpendicular to mylohyoid

57
Q

What does the Geniohyoid run perpendicular with?

A

Geniohyoid runs perpendicular with Mylohyoid

58
Q

What innervates the Geniohyoid?

A

Geniohyoid is innervated by CN XII aka Hypoglossal nerve

59
Q

What does Geniohyoid do?

A

Geniohyoid Elevates the Hyoid

60
Q

What are the two Deep Cervical Musculatures?

A

1- Longus Colli

2- Longus Capitis

61
Q

What are the attachments for Longus Colli?

A

Longus Colli attaches to Anterior Tubercle of C1, bodies of C1-C3, Transverse processes of C3-C6

to

Bodies of C5-T3, Transverse processes of C3-C5

62
Q

What innervates Longus Colli?

A

Cervical Anterior rami innervates Longus Colli

63
Q

What are the attachments for Longus Capitis?

A

Longus capitis attaches from Transverse processes of C3-C6

to

Anterior aspect of Occipital bone

64
Q

What function do the Deep Cervical Musculatures, Longus Colli & Longus Capitis both do?

A

They both are chief Capital Flexors

and

Cervical Spine Stability

65
Q

How many Pharyngeal contrictors are there? and what are they called?

A

3

1- Superior Pharyngeal constrictor

2- Middle Phayngeal constrictor

3- Inferior Phayngeal constrictor

66
Q

Where are the three Pharyngeal constrictors located in relation to the esophagus?

A

They are located posterior to the esophagus

67
Q

Out of the three Pharyngeal constrictors which is visible when the Larynx is removed from the body?

A

The inferior is the only visible when the Larynx is removed

68
Q

What is the main function of the the three Pharyngeal constrictors?

A

They constrict the walls of the Pharynx during Deglutination

69
Q

What are the 5 Neurovascular Structures of the Neck?

A

1- Common Carotid Artery

2- Internal Jugular Vein

3- Carotid Sheath

4- CN XI aka Accessory Nerve

5- Phrenic Nerve

70
Q

Label

71
Q

Label

72
Q

Label

73
Q

What muscles becomes tight and short for someone with constant protrusion of the head?

A

Sternocleidomastoid

74
Q

What bilateral actions does Sternoclediomastoid cuase?

A

cervical flexion

and

capital extension

75
Q

At Utero what two muscles are very close and then develop and seperate to respected locations?

A

Trapezius

and

Sternocleidomastoid

76
Q

Why is the Phrenic nerve C3, C4, C5 in the Posterior triangle important?

A

It innervates the Diaphragm

77
Q

What perfuses the scalene muscles?

A

subclavian artery

78
Q

Why does the Scalene muscles lack production of Captial motion?

A

due to the termination at the cervical level

79
Q

In the Posterior Triangle there’s another triangle called the scalene triangle. What makes up that triangle?

A

Anterior scalene

Middle scalene

and

1st rib

80
Q

Which scalene is deep to the Levator scapula?

A

Posterior scalene

81
Q

Is SCM and Scalene muscles synergist or antagonist?

82
Q

Is the Right SCM and Left Splenius capitus synergist or antagonist?

83
Q

Is the Right SCM and Right Splenus capitis synergist or antagonist?

A

Antagonist

84
Q

What vertebral height is the Hyoid?

85
Q

What clinical emergency application is there for Cricothyroid membrane?

A

the Gap between the 1st cricoid ring adn the Thyroid cartilage is the Cricothyroid membrane for trachiodomy

86
Q

Which Cricoid ring is a complete ring?

A

only the 1st

87
Q

What sort of bone is the hyoid?

A

floating and sysmoid bone with no bone articulation

88
Q

What unique features is present in the posterior portion of most cricoid rings in the trachea?

A

besides the 1st ring the rest are incomplete “C rings” allowing for the esophogus to attach there to allow expansion for swallowing of food or bolie

89
Q

What is the function of Epiglottus?

A

to close off the esophogus for food/water

90
Q

What is the abnormal passing of food or water into the esophogus due to bad epiglottus called?

A

Asperation

91
Q

If asperation continues and liquiod builds in the lung what does that result in?

92
Q

Which Infrahyoid muscle is most superficial and medial?

A

Sternohyoid

93
Q

Sternohyoid attaches from hyoid to which portion of the Manubrium?

A

the posterior aspect

94
Q

Which Infrahyoid muscle is important for swallowing and why?

A

Sternohyoid

it helps move the airway away from the food

95
Q

Which triangle is the Superior Omohyoid belly seen in?

A

Anterior triangle

96
Q

Which triangle is the Inferior Omohyoid belly seen in?

A

Posterior triangle

97
Q

What does the Sternothyroid depress?

A

the hyoid, larynx, and thyroid

98
Q

What is directly superficial to the cricothyroid membrane?

A

Cricothyroid

99
Q

The anterior aspect of the Digastric is parallel to what suprahyoid muscle?

A

Genioghyoid

100
Q

What ligament should be found on the anterior aspect of the cervical spine?

A

anterior longitudinal ligament

101
Q

Longus Colli is aka what?

A

Longus cervicis

102
Q

What hold the Esophogus to the larynx?

A

Pharyngeal constrictors

103
Q

which Pharyngeal constrictor to be visible?

A

The inferior constrictor

104
Q

Pharyngeal constrictors initiates what autonomic motion?

A

Peristolisis- rthymic movement of moving food

105
Q

coughing and gag reflex is initated also where?

A

Pharyngeal constrictors

106
Q

The common carotid artery and internal jugular vein with vagus nerve is housed where?

A

Carotid Sheath

107
Q

What is the position of the Common carotid artery, Internal Jugular vein and CN in the Carotid sheath?

Medial to Lateral

A

CCA: medial

CN X: intermediate

IJV: lateral

108
Q

What cervical aspects does Phrenic nerve consists of and which is the most important?

A

C3, C4, C5

C4 is the most important

109
Q

Starting from the origin of Posterior Triangle name the path of the Phrenic nerve.

A

1- Origin- Posterior triangle

2- the most important C4 nerve root merges and sits on the Anterior Scalene

3- Dives into the Thorax

4- Circumnaviages the heart

5- Articulates the Diaphragm

110
Q

What lining is the Phrenic nerve near and what does it provide?

A

Close to the pericardium, providing noseoceptive to the shoulder/jaw area as pain dermatome

Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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