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Anatomy 1 > 4- Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

4- Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of nerve are emerging directly from the brain/brain stem considered Cranial Nerves?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

The 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge directly from the brain or brain stem travel through what of the cranium?

A

they travel through foramina in the cranium

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3
Q

What two kind of information do cranial nerves carry?

A

They carry either: SENSORY or MOTOR impulse. or sometimes a combination of both.

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4
Q

How are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves ordered?

A

1 being the most Rostal and 12 the most Caudal. Rostral means pertaining to the “beak” or “beak-like”

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5
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN I

A

Olfactory SENSORY

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6
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN II

A

Optic SENSORY

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7
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN III

A

Oculomotor MOTOR

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8
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN IV

A

Trochlear MOTOR

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9
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN V

A

Trigeminal BOTH

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10
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN VI

A

Abducent MOTOR

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11
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN VII

A

Facial BOTH

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12
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear SENSORY

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13
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal BOTH

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14
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN X

A

Vagus BOTH

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15
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory MOTOR

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16
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN XII

A

Hypoglossal MOTOR

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17
Q

CN I:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

Notes

A

Name: Olfactory Nerve

Function: Special sense of smell

Origin: Frontal Lobe

Path & Terminal: leads to the Ethmoid and expands into Olfactory bulbs

Notes: Olfactory bulbs give off multiple nerve endings that pierce through the Cribiform plate.

  • In the Nasal cavity the Olfactory nerve endings possess cilia that are covered in mucous
  • Those cilia are stimulated by the scent of molecules dissolved in the mucous that then is transmitted to the brain
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18
Q

CN II:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

Notes

A

Name - Optic Nerve

Function - Special Visual sense

Origin- Decussates at the OPTIC CHIASM

Path & Terminal- travels through the Optic Canal and is continous with the Retina of the Eye

Notes- Decussation at the Optic Chiasm means that the Left Optic Nerve will receive stimulus from the Left visual field and the Right will receive from the righ visual field

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19
Q

CN III:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

Notes

A

Name- Oculomotor

Function - Motor innervation to: Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique, Levator Palpabrae superioris, and Sphincter pupillae

Origin- Midbrain

Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via Superior Obital Fissures and innervates the muscles of the eye

Note- “down & out” if injured affects the eyeballs position of lateral and downward gaze.

-also controls the constriction of the pupils.

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20
Q

CN IV:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

Notes

A

Name- Trochlear

Function - Innervation of the superior oblique of the eye

Origin- Midbrain

Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via the Superior Orbital fissure to innervate superior oblique

Notes- if damaged it affects the eyeballs ability to restrict the drift towards the nose.

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21
Q

CN V:

Name

Origin(1)

Terminal(1)

Branches(3)

A

Name - Trigeminal

Origin- Pons

Terminal- Trigeminal Ganglion

Branch #1: CN V1- Ophthalmic

Branch #2 CN V2- Maxillary

Branch #3 CN V3- Mandibular

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22
Q

How does CV1 exit the cranium and its Function?

A

CV1 exits the cranium via Superior Orbital fisssure

Function: provides sensation to the cornea, superior forehead and scalp, eyelids, nose, and nasal cavity

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23
Q

How does CV2 exit the cranium and it Function?

A

CV2 exits the cranium via Foramen Rotundum

Function: provides sensation to the skin and teeth along the maxilla as well as to the palate and surrounding mucosa

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24
Q

How does CV3 exit the cranium and its Function?

A

CV3 exits the cranium via Foramen Ovale

Function: provides sensation to the skin along the mandible as well as the front 2/3 of the tongue

-also provides motor innervation to the muscles of Mastication (Temporalis, Masseter, Medial/Lateral Pteragoids), Mylohyoid, Anterior Digastric, Tensor Veli Palantini, and Tensor Tympani

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25
CN VI: Name Function Origin Path & Terminal
Name - Abducent Function - provides motor innervation to the lateral rectus of the eye Origin- brain stem between the pons and medulla Path & Terminal - exits the cranium via the superior orbital fissure to innervate the lateral rectus
26
CN VII: Name Function Origin Path & Terminal
Name - Facial Function - provides specail taste sense to the front 2/3 of the tongue - Motor innervation to muscles of facial expression(stapedius, stylohyoid, and posteror digastric) - Parasympathetic innervation to sublingual, submandibular, and lacrimal glands Origin- between the Pons and Medulla Path & Terminal - travels through the internal acoustic meatus, exits the cranium via Stylomastoid foramen, and then through the Parotoid gland Notes- the front 2/3 of the tongue tastes sweet and salty
27
Upon emerging from the Parotid gland the CN VII: facial nerve, form what?
Parotid Plexus
28
The Parotid Plexus gives rise to how many facial muscle branches? and what are the names of them?
5 1- Temporal 2- Zygomatic 3- Buccal 4- Marginal Mandibular 5- Cervical
29
Special sense of taste is carried by a branch known as what?
Chondra tympani it arises prior to emergence from the Stylomastoid foramen
30
CN VIII: Name Function Origin Path & Terminal
Name- Vestibulcochlear Function- special sense of Hearing(cochlear branch) and Equilibrium (vestibular branch) Origin- (Vestibular)arises between Pons and Medulla (Cochlear) arises from the Medulla Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via the Internal Acoustic Meauts then splits into its constituent parts
31
CN IX: Name Function Origin Path & Terminal Notes
Name- Glossopharyngeal Function- Provide general sensation to the Mucosa of the oropharynx, tonsils - the soft palate as the sensory portion of the gag reflex - baraoreception and chemorecption to the carotid sinus and carotid body -sensation to middle ear via tympanic nerve Origin- Lateral Medulla Path & Terminal- exits cranium via jugular foramen then courses along the Stylopharyngeus, through the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors to land in the Oropharynx and tongue
32
The Glossopharyngeal provides special sense of taste to what part and what taste to the tongue?
back 1/3 and the taste of bitter
33
CN IX: glossopharyngeal provides motor innervation to the what and what action does it help occur?
Innervation to the Stylopharyngeus and helps with deglutition (act of swallowing)
34
CN X: Name Function Origin Path & Terminal Notes
Name- Vagus Function- sensations to organs of the Thorax and Abdomen -sensation to the inferior pharynx/larynx special sensation of taste in the epiglottis -Motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (motor portion of the gag reflex) Origin- Lateral Medulla Path & Terminal- exits cranium via the Jugular foramen between CN IX and CN XI, then runs between the Common Carotid artery and the Internal Jugular vein in the Carotid sheath Notes- give off the pharyngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve.
35
The superior nerve branches into what two nerves?
the internal and external laryngeal nerve
36
The inferior Laryngeal nerve becomes what?
Recurrent Layngeal
37
The recurrent laryngeal from The Vagus nerve loops to the left and right, what do they look around?
Right: subclavian artery Left: Ligamentum arteriosum
38
Whats the main branch of the Vagus nerve supply Parasympathetic innervation to?
Heart and lungs Esophagus as the esophageal plexus
39
The Vagus nerves goes super low in the body, what "lower" organs does it innervate?
Esophagus, stomach, and the intestines
40
CN XI: Name Function Origin Path & Terminal Notes
Name- Spinal Accessory Function- motor innervation to the Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid Origin- with CN X from the Lateral medulla Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via the Jugular Foramen, then merges with the 1st 5-6 cervical nerve roots and courses along the internal carotid artery to its innervations
41
CN XII: Name Function Origin Path & Terminal
Name- Hypoglossal Function- motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the Tongue Origin- Medulla Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via Hypoglossal cana, then merges with C1 and C2, then it innervates suprahyoid musculature and the muscles of the tongue
42
Where is the Optic Chiasm located?
Circle of Willis
43
what is the conductive part of the eye that transmits into the CN II?
Retina of the eye
44
What actions do these eye muscles produce? Medial Rectus Inferior Rectus Inferior oblique superior Rectus Levator palpabrae superioris
medial rectus= adducts eyes superior rectus= elevates the eyes inferior rectus= depresses the eyes inferior oblique= torsion of the eyes levator palpabrae superioris= elevates the eyelids
45
how many muscles invovled in moveing the eye and how many in moving the eyelid?
1 for eyelid 5 for moving the eyeball
46
what happens when CN IV: trochlear is damamged?
can't externally rotate and depress already adducted eyeball
47
what is the neuromotor junction of the eye and trochlear CN?
trochlear fasica
48
what does the superior oblique orbital muscle do?
externally rotate the eye
49
when the eye is already adducted what does the superior oblique muscle do to the eye, what is this motion used in?
it depresses the eye and helps it move laterally ie when reading a book
50
What CN receives facial pain?
CN V trigeminal nerve
51
Of the Trigeminal nerves which is only sensory and which is both sensory and motor?
CN V1 and CN V2 are only sensory and CN V3 is both sensory and motor
52
Which CN abducts the eye muscle aka Lateral Rectus of the eye?
CN VI: abducent nerve
53
What does swelling of the Parotid gland result in?
it complicates the CN VII facial nerve, resulting in paralysis to the mouth/ face area. can cause loss of taste and facial muscle ie drool
54
what does insidious mean and what's an example related to facial nerve
unknown origin ie bells palsy
55
What is the 4 path points that Facial nerve passes through.
1- Internal acoustic meatus 2- exits the cranium 3- stylomastoid foramen 4- travels through the parotid gland
56
How does Vestibulcochlear CN VIII exit the cranium?
via the internal acoustic meatus
57
What CN senses the Gag Reflex?
In the CN IX Glossopharyngeal
58
Which CN is the longest and it's relationship with it's name?
Vagus named after greek word for "wonderer" hence los vegas
59
Which CN is involved in the motor portion of the Gag Reflex?
CN X Vagus Nerve
60
When disecting what is encased in the carotid sheath?
Vagus CN Common Carotid artery inf. Juglar vein
61
What does the Vagus CN give off (6)?
pharyngeal nerve superior laryngeal nerve (branches into): A- internal laryngeal nerve B- external laryngeal nerve C- inferior laryngeal nerve C turns into Recurrent Laryngeal
62
The Recurrent Laryngeal loops to the right and left. what do each side lopp around?
Left: Ligamentum arteriosum: loop of connective tissue arotic arch and pulmonary trunk Right: around the subclavian artery These two provide parasympathetic for the heart, lung and GI

Anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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