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anatomy 1 > 4- Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

4- Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many pairs of nerve are emerging directly from the brain/brain stem considered Cranial Nerves?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

The 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emerge directly from the brain or brain stem travel through what of the cranium?

A

they travel through foramina in the cranium

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3
Q

What two kind of information do cranial nerves carry?

A

They carry either: SENSORY or MOTOR impulse. or sometimes a combination of both.

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4
Q

How are the 12 pairs of cranial nerves ordered?

A

1 being the most Rostal and 12 the most Caudal. Rostral means pertaining to the “beak” or “beak-like”

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5
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN I

A

Olfactory SENSORY

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6
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN II

A

Optic SENSORY

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7
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN III

A

Oculomotor MOTOR

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8
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN IV

A

Trochlear MOTOR

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9
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN V

A

Trigeminal BOTH

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10
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN VI

A

Abducent MOTOR

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11
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN VII

A

Facial BOTH

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12
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN VIII

A

Vestibulocochlear SENSORY

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13
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN IX

A

Glossopharyngeal BOTH

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14
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN X

A

Vagus BOTH

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15
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN XI

A

Spinal Accessory MOTOR

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16
Q

Name and type of cranial nerve of: CN XII

A

Hypoglossal MOTOR

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17
Q

CN I:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

Notes

A

Name: Olfactory Nerve

Function: Special sense of smell

Origin: Frontal Lobe

Path & Terminal: leads to the Ethmoid and expands into Olfactory bulbs

Notes: Olfactory bulbs give off multiple nerve endings that pierce through the Cribiform plate.

  • In the Nasal cavity the Olfactory nerve endings possess cilia that are covered in mucous
  • Those cilia are stimulated by the scent of molecules dissolved in the mucous that then is transmitted to the brain
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18
Q

CN II:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

Notes

A

Name - Optic Nerve

Function - Special Visual sense

Origin- Decussates at the OPTIC CHIASM

Path & Terminal- travels through the Optic Canal and is continous with the Retina of the Eye

Notes- Decussation at the Optic Chiasm means that the Left Optic Nerve will receive stimulus from the Left visual field and the Right will receive from the righ visual field

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19
Q

CN III:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

Notes

A

Name- Oculomotor

Function - Motor innervation to: Superior Rectus, Medial Rectus, Inferior Rectus, Inferior Oblique, Levator Palpabrae superioris, and Sphincter pupillae

Origin- Midbrain

Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via Superior Obital Fissures and innervates the muscles of the eye

Note- “down & out” if injured affects the eyeballs position of lateral and downward gaze.

-also controls the constriction of the pupils.

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20
Q

CN IV:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

Notes

A

Name- Trochlear

Function - Innervation of the superior oblique of the eye

Origin- Midbrain

Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via the Superior Orbital fissure to innervate superior oblique

Notes- if damaged it affects the eyeballs ability to restrict the drift towards the nose.

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21
Q

CN V:

Name

Origin(1)

Terminal(1)

Branches(3)

A

Name - Trigeminal

Origin- Pons

Terminal- Trigeminal Ganglion

Branch #1: CN V1- Ophthalmic

Branch #2 CN V2- Maxillary

Branch #3 CN V3- Mandibular

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22
Q

How does CV1 exit the cranium and its Function?

A

CV1 exits the cranium via Superior Orbital fisssure

Function: provides sensation to the cornea, superior forehead and scalp, eyelids, nose, and nasal cavity

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23
Q

How does CV2 exit the cranium and it Function?

A

CV2 exits the cranium via Foramen Rotundum

Function: provides sensation to the skin and teeth along the maxilla as well as to the palate and surrounding mucosa

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24
Q

How does CV3 exit the cranium and its Function?

A

CV3 exits the cranium via Foramen Ovale

Function: provides sensation to the skin along the mandible as well as the front 2/3 of the tongue

-also provides motor innervation to the muscles of Mastication (Temporalis, Masseter, Medial/Lateral Pteragoids), Mylohyoid, Anterior Digastric, Tensor Veli Palantini, and Tensor Tympani

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25
Q

CN VI:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

A

Name - Abducent

Function - provides motor innervation to the lateral rectus of the eye

Origin- brain stem between the pons and medulla

Path & Terminal - exits the cranium via the superior orbital fissure to innervate the lateral rectus

26
Q

CN VII:

Name

Function

Origin

Path & Terminal

A

Name - Facial

Function - provides specail taste sense to the front 2/3 of the tongue

  • Motor innervation to muscles of facial expression(stapedius, stylohyoid, and posteror digastric)
  • Parasympathetic innervation to sublingual, submandibular, and lacrimal glands

Origin- between the Pons and Medulla

Path & Terminal - travels through the internal acoustic meatus, exits the cranium via Stylomastoid foramen, and then through the Parotoid gland

Notes- the front 2/3 of the tongue tastes sweet and salty

27
Q

Upon emerging from the Parotid gland the CN VII: facial nerve, form what?

A

Parotid Plexus

28
Q

The Parotid Plexus gives rise to how many facial muscle branches? and what are the names of them?

A

5

1- Temporal

2- Zygomatic

3- Buccal

4- Marginal Mandibular

5- Cervical

29
Q

Special sense of taste is carried by a branch known as what?

A

Chondra tympani it arises prior to emergence from the Stylomastoid foramen

30
Q

CN VIII:

Name
Function
Origin
Path & Terminal

A

Name- Vestibulcochlear
Function- special sense of Hearing(cochlear branch) and Equilibrium (vestibular branch)
Origin- (Vestibular)arises between Pons and Medulla

(Cochlear) arises from the Medulla
Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via the Internal Acoustic Meauts then splits into its constituent parts

31
Q

CN IX:

Name
Function
Origin
Path & Terminal
Notes

A

Name- Glossopharyngeal
Function- Provide general sensation to the Mucosa of the oropharynx, tonsils

  • the soft palate as the sensory portion of the gag reflex
  • baraoreception and chemorecption to the carotid sinus and carotid body

-sensation to middle ear via tympanic nerve
Origin- Lateral Medulla
Path & Terminal- exits cranium via jugular foramen then courses along the Stylopharyngeus, through the superior and middle pharyngeal constrictors to land in the Oropharynx and tongue

32
Q

The Glossopharyngeal provides special sense of taste to what part and what taste to the tongue?

A

back 1/3 and the taste of bitter

33
Q

CN IX: glossopharyngeal

provides motor innervation to the what and what action does it help occur?

A

Innervation to the Stylopharyngeus and helps with deglutition (act of swallowing)

34
Q

CN X:

Name
Function
Origin
Path & Terminal
Notes

A

Name- Vagus
Function- sensations to organs of the Thorax and Abdomen

-sensation to the inferior pharynx/larynx

special sensation of taste in the epiglottis

-Motor innervation to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (motor portion of the gag reflex)
Origin- Lateral Medulla
Path & Terminal- exits cranium via the Jugular foramen between CN IX and CN XI, then runs between the Common Carotid artery and the Internal Jugular vein in the Carotid sheath
Notes- give off the pharyngeal nerve, superior laryngeal nerve.

35
Q

The superior nerve branches into what two nerves?

A

the internal and external laryngeal nerve

36
Q

The inferior Laryngeal nerve becomes what?

A

Recurrent Layngeal

37
Q

The recurrent laryngeal from The Vagus nerve loops to the left and right, what do they look around?

A

Right: subclavian artery

Left: Ligamentum arteriosum

38
Q

Whats the main branch of the Vagus nerve supply Parasympathetic innervation to?

A

Heart and lungs

Esophagus as the esophageal plexus

39
Q

The Vagus nerves goes super low in the body, what “lower” organs does it innervate?

A

Esophagus, stomach, and the intestines

40
Q

CN XI:

Name
Function
Origin
Path & Terminal
Notes

A

Name- Spinal Accessory
Function- motor innervation to the Trapezius and Sternocleidomastoid
Origin- with CN X from the Lateral medulla
Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via the Jugular Foramen, then merges with the 1st 5-6 cervical nerve roots and courses along the internal carotid artery to its innervations

41
Q

CN XII:

Name
Function
Origin
Path & Terminal

A

Name- Hypoglossal
Function- motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the Tongue
Origin- Medulla
Path & Terminal- exits the cranium via Hypoglossal cana, then merges with C1 and C2, then it innervates suprahyoid musculature and the muscles of the tongue

42
Q

Where is the Optic Chiasm located?

A

Circle of Willis

43
Q

what is the conductive part of the eye that transmits into the CN II?

A

Retina of the eye

44
Q

What actions do these eye muscles produce?

Medial Rectus

Inferior Rectus

Inferior oblique

superior Rectus

Levator palpabrae superioris

A

medial rectus= adducts eyes

superior rectus= elevates the eyes

inferior rectus= depresses the eyes

inferior oblique= torsion of the eyes

levator palpabrae superioris= elevates the eyelids

45
Q

how many muscles invovled in moveing the eye and how many in moving the eyelid?

A

1 for eyelid

5 for moving the eyeball

46
Q

what happens when CN IV: trochlear is damamged?

A

can’t externally rotate and depress already adducted eyeball

47
Q

what is the neuromotor junction of the eye and trochlear CN?

A

trochlear fasica

48
Q

what does the superior oblique orbital muscle do?

A

externally rotate the eye

49
Q

when the eye is already adducted what does the superior oblique muscle do to the eye, what is this motion used in?

A

it depresses the eye and helps it move laterally ie when reading a book

50
Q

What CN receives facial pain?

A

CN V trigeminal nerve

51
Q

Of the Trigeminal nerves which is only sensory and which is both sensory and motor?

A

CN V1 and CN V2 are only sensory

and

CN V3 is both sensory and motor

52
Q

Which CN abducts the eye muscle aka Lateral Rectus of the eye?

A

CN VI: abducent nerve

53
Q

What does swelling of the Parotid gland result in?

A

it complicates the CN VII facial nerve, resulting in paralysis to the mouth/ face area. can cause loss of taste and facial muscle ie drool

54
Q

what does insidious mean and what’s an example related to facial nerve

A

unknown origin

ie

bells palsy

55
Q

What is the 4 path points that Facial nerve passes through.

A

1- Internal acoustic meatus

2- exits the cranium

3- stylomastoid foramen

4- travels through the parotid gland

56
Q

How does Vestibulcochlear CN VIII exit the cranium?

A

via the internal acoustic meatus

57
Q

What CN senses the Gag Reflex?

A

In the CN IX Glossopharyngeal

58
Q

Which CN is the longest and it’s relationship with it’s name?

A

Vagus named after greek word for “wonderer” hence los vegas

59
Q

Which CN is involved in the motor portion of the Gag Reflex?

A

CN X Vagus Nerve

60
Q

When disecting what is encased in the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus CN

Common Carotid artery

inf. Juglar vein

61
Q

What does the Vagus CN give off (6)?

A

pharyngeal nerve

superior laryngeal nerve (branches into):

A- internal laryngeal nerve

B- external laryngeal nerve

C- inferior laryngeal nerve

C turns into Recurrent Laryngeal

62
Q

The Recurrent Laryngeal loops to the right and left. what do each side lopp around?

A

Left: Ligamentum arteriosum: loop of connective tissue arotic arch and pulmonary trunk

Right: around the subclavian artery

These two provide parasympathetic for the heart, lung and GI

anatomy 1 (9 decks)

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