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GI Physiology > 5.7.2. Overview of the Small Intestines - Intestinal Motility > Flashcards

5.7.2. Overview of the Small Intestines - Intestinal Motility Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 types if Intestinal Motility?

A
  1. Segmentation

2. Peristalsis

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2
Q

What is Segmentation, in relation to the Intestinal Motility?

A

Alternating contraction and relaxation of adjacent parts of the Small Intestine, (Up and Down)

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3
Q

How does Segmentation affect the contents? describe the action of segmentation?

A

Upon contraction of one part, the Contents move up and down, to the adjacent relaxed parts.

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4
Q

What is the purpose of Segmentation?

A
  1. The thorough mixing of contents with Digestive Enzymes

2. Encouraging the contact of Chyme with the Absorbing Surface

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5
Q

What causes the contraction in Segmentation?

A

The Intestinal Basic Electrical Rhythm (BER)

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6
Q

What initiates the Intestinal Basic Electrical Rhythm (BER), with regards to Segmentation?

A

The depolarization of the “Pacemaker Cells”

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7
Q

Where are the “Pacemaker Cells” located, with regards to Segmentation?

A

In the Longitudinal Muscle of the Muscularis Externa

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8
Q

What do the “Pacemaker Cells” produce, with regards to Segmentation?

A

Oscillations in the Membrane Potential(Intestinal Basic Electrical Rhythm)

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9
Q

What do Oscillations in the Membrane Potential result in, with regards to Segmentation?

A
  1. The Threshold being reached
  2. Action Potentials being Fired
  3. Contraction of the Muscle Occuring
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10
Q

What determines the Strength of Contraction, with regards to Segmentation?

A
  1. Parasympathetic innervation increases the Strength of Contraction
  2. Sympathetic innervation decreases the Strength of Contraction
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11
Q

Is the Basic Electrical Rhythm (BER) effected by the Autonomic Nervous System, with regards to Segmentation?

A

No, just the Strength of Contraction is.

BER is FIXED

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12
Q

What is determined by the Basic Electrical Rhythm, with regards to Segmentation?

A

The Frequency of Segmentation

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13
Q

How does Segmentation change, as you move more Distally down the Intestinal Tract?

A

It Decreases as you move from intestine —-> rectum.

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14
Q

When does Peristalsis (the second type of Intestinal Motility) occur?

What is Peristalsis?

A

Following the Absorption of Nutrients.

Segmentation stops Peristalsis starts.

ONE WAY DIRECTION

is involuntary movements of the longitudinal and circular muscles, primarily in the digestive tract, that occur in progressive wavelike contractions. Peristaltic waves occur in the oesophagus, stomach, and intestines.

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15
Q

What is the Migrating Motility Complex (MMC)?

A

Peristaltic wave in the small intestine is Call MMC.

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16
Q

Where does the Migrating Motility Complex (MMC) travel from / to?

A

Starts from - The Gastric Antrum———————————–
To - The Terminal Ileum

17
Q

When does the Migrating Motility Complex (MMC) stops?

A

When food enters into the Stomach

18
Q

What is the function of Migrating Motility Complex (MMC)?

A
  1. To move undigested material into the Large Intestine

2. To Limit the Bacterial Colonization in the Small Intestine

19
Q

By what “Laws” does Peristalsis act?

and What hormone is involved in the initiation of MMC?

A

“The Law of the Intestine”

The Motilin hormone initiate MMC.

20
Q

What is Peristalsis controlled (mediated) by?

A

The Myenteric Nervous Plexus

21
Q

When is Peristalsis activated?

A
  1. The Bolus / Chyme distends the Distal Smooth Muscle (in front of it)
  2. The Proximal Smooth Muscle to the Bolus / Chyme contracts
  3. The Distal Smooth Muscle to the the Bolus / Chyme relaxes
22
Q

What is the Gastroileal Reflex?

A

Gastric Emptying causes an increase in Segmentation in the Ileum

23
Q

What occurs in the Gastroileal Reflex?

A
  1. Opening of the Ileoceacal Valve (Sphincter)
  2. Entry of the Chyme into the Large Intestine (Colon)
  3. Distension (Full of shit) of the Colon
  4. Reflex Contraction of the Ileocaecal Sphincter to prevent Backflow

GI Physiology (22 decks)

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