4.1. Dietary Nutrients and Absorption - Carbohydrates Flashcards
What are Carbohydrates?
A series of linked Hexose (6 Carbon) Sugars
What are Monosaccharides?
The Breakdown product of complicated Carbohydrates (Many Hexose Sugars linked together)
What are the names of the 3 Monosaccharides?
- Glucose
- Galactose
- Fructose
Where are Monosaccharides absorbed into the Bloodstream?
The Small Intestine (Jejunum)
What are Disaccharides?
2 Monosaccharides linked together
What kind of Bond links 2 Monosaccharides together in Disaccharides?
A Glycosidic Bone
What are the names of 3 Disaccharides?
- Lactose
- Sucrose
- Maltose
What is Lactose a combination of?
- Glucose
2. Galactose
What is Sucrose a combination of?
- Glucose
2. Fructose
What is Maltose a combination of?
2 x Glucose
What breaks Lactose down?
Lactase
What breaks Sucrose down?
Sucrase
What breaks Maltose down?
Maltase
Where can the Enzymes which break down Disaccharides be found?
On the Brush Border of the Small Intestines
What are the 3 Types of Polysaccharides?
- Starch
- Cellulose
- Gylcogen
What is Starch?
The Plant storage form of Glucose
What is Cellulose?
A Constituent of Plant Cell Walls
What is Glycogen?
The Animal storage form of Glucose
What are the 2 ways the Glucose molecules can be linked in Starch?
- In straight chains
2. In branched chains
What type of bond links the Glucose together in Straight Chains?
Alpha-Amylose (1-4 Glycosidic Bonds)
What type of bond links the Glucose together in Branched Chains?
Amylopectin (1-6 Glycosidic Bonds)
How are Alpha-Amylose (1-4 Glycosidic) bonds broken down?
They are hydrolysed by Alpha-Amylases?
Where can Alpha-Amylases be found?
- In the Saliva
2. Released from the Pancreas
How are Amylopectin (1-6 Glycosidic) bonds broken down?
They aren’t
