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GI Physiology > 1. The Breakdown and General Structure > Flashcards

1. The Breakdown and General Structure Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main Organs of the Alimentary Tract?

A
  1. The Mouth
  2. The Oesophagus
  3. The Stomach
  4. The Small Intestines
  5. The Large Intestines
  6. The Anal Canal / Rectum
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2
Q

What are the parts of the Small Intestines?

A
  1. The Duodenum
  2. The Jejunum
  3. The Ileum
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3
Q

What are the parts of the Large Intestines?

A
  1. The Caecum
  2. The Ascending Colon
  3. The Transverse Colon
  4. The Descending Colon
  5. The Sigmoid Colon
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4
Q

What are the Accessory Organs of the Alimentary Tract?

A
  1. The Liver
  2. The Gallbladder
  3. The Pancreas
  4. The Spleen
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5
Q

What are the functions of the Mouth?

A
  1. Foodstuff is broken down by mastication to make a bolus

2. Saliva is added as a lubricant

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6
Q

What is the function of the Oesophagus?

A

It is a conduit between the Mouth and the Stomach

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7
Q

What are the functions of the Stomach?

A

Ingested Material

  1. The Sterilization of Ingested Material
  2. To Dissolve the Bolus and Initiate the Digestive Process
  3. Control the Release of Chyme into the Duodenum
  4. To Produce Intrinsic Factor in the Parietal Cells
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8
Q

What is the function of the Liver?

A

The Production of Bile Salts for Digestion / Absorption of Fats in the Small Intestine

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9
Q

What is the function of the Gallbladder?

A

Stores and Concentrates Bile

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10
Q

What is the function of the Pancreas?

A

The site of Production of the Digestive Enzymes, needed for the Digestion of Fats, Carbohydrates, and Proteins

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11
Q

What are the functions of the Small Intestines?

A
  1. The Final Stages of Chemical Digestion

2. Nutrient Absorption

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12
Q

What are the functions of the Large Intestines?

A
  1. Water absorption
  2. Bacterial Fermentation
  3. Faeces formation
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13
Q

What is the general structure of the Alimentary Tract?

A

A continuous tube of various diameter

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14
Q

How many layers does the Alimentary Canal have?

A

4

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15
Q

What are the 4 Layers of the Alimentary Canal?

A
  1. The Mucosa
  2. The Sub-Mucosa
  3. The Muscularis Externa
  4. The Serosa / Adventitia
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16
Q

What is the Mucosa Sub-Divided into?

A
  1. The Epithelium
  2. The Lamina Propria
  3. The Muscularis Mucosae (Interna)
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17
Q

What is the function of the Epithelium?

A
  1. It acts as a Barrier, separating the Lumen from the Rest of the Body
  2. It absorbs the Products of Digestion
18
Q

Is there only one type of Epithelium?

A

No, the Epithelium has different composition of Types depending on the Environment

19
Q

Where in the Alimentary Tract would there be Stratified Squamous Epithelium?

A
  1. The Mouth
  2. The Oesophagus
  3. The Anus
20
Q

Where in the Alimentary Tract would there be Simple Columnar Epithelium?

A
  1. The Stomach
  2. The Small Intestines
  3. The Colon
21
Q

What is the Lamina Propria?

A

A Layer of Loose Connective Tissue supporting the Epithelium

22
Q

What is contained in the Lamina Propria?

A
  1. Glands
  2. Blood Vessels
  3. Lymphatics
23
Q

What is the Muscularis Mucosae (Interna)?

A

A Thin layer of Smooth Muscle

24
Q

What is the Sub-Mucosa?

A

A thick layer of Irregular Connective Tissue which supports the Mucosa

25
Q

What is contained within the Sub-Mucosa?

A
  1. The Mucosa
  2. Blood Vessels
  3. Lymphatics
  4. Neurons
  5. Glands
26
Q

What do the Neurons contained within the Sub-Mucosa form?

A

An extensive network from the Sub-Mucosal (Meissner’s) Plexus

27
Q

Where does the Sub-Mucosal (Meissner’s) Plexus lie?

A

Superficial to the Sub-Mucosa

28
Q

Which Autonomic Nervous System has the greatest Neural Influence on the Sub-Mucosal (Meissner’s) Plexus?

A

The Parasympathetic System

29
Q

Where can Glands be found in the Sub-Mucosa?

A
  1. The Oesophagus

2. The Duodenum

30
Q

What do the Sub-Mucosal Glands in the Oesophagus secrete?

A

Mucinous Lubrication, for the Bolus

31
Q

What do the Sub-Mucosal Glands in the Duodenum secrete?

A

Bicarbonate, to neutralize the Gastric Acid

32
Q

What are the 2 Layers of the Muscularis Externa?

A
  1. The Inner Circular Muscle

2. The Outer Longitudinal Muscle

33
Q

What lies between the 2 Layers of the Muscularis Externa?

A

The Mesenteric (Auerbach’s) Nerve Plexus

34
Q

What is the function of the Circular Muscle of the Muscularis Externa?

A

This Constricts the Alimentary Canal

35
Q

What is the function of the Longitudinal Muscle of the Muscularis Externa?

A

This Shortens the Alimentary Canal

36
Q

What is the function of the Mesenteric (Auerbach’s) Plexus?

A

This controls the actions of the Muscularis Externa

37
Q

What is the Serosa?

A

The Superficial-most layer of the Alimentary Tract, within the Peritoneal Cavity

38
Q

What is the Adventitia?

A

The Superficial-most layer of the Alimentary Tract, outiwith the Peritoneal Cavity

39
Q

Is the Serosa present in the Mesentery?

A

No

40
Q

What is the Function of the Adventitia?

A

To attach the Oesophagus / Rectum to the Surrounding Structures

GI Physiology (22 decks)

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