4.2. Dietary Nutrients and Absorption - Protein

Question 1

What are proteins?

Answer 1

Polymers of Amino-Acids

Question 2

What type of bonds are Proteins linked by?

Answer 2

Peptide bonds

Question 3

Are all proteins the same length?

Answer 3

No, there is great variation in Protein Chain length

Question 4

What are Peptides?

Answer 4

Small proteins, of about 3-10 Amino-Acids in length

Question 5

What is a Glycoprotein?

Answer 5

A Protein which has undergone Post-Translational Modification to have the addition of a Carbohydrate onto it

Question 6

What is a Lipoprotein

Answer 6

A Protein which has undergone Post-Translational Modification to have the addition of a Lipid onto it

Question 7

What is the name of the Enzymes which break down (Hydrolyses) the Peptide bonds of Proteins/Peptides?

Answer 7

Peptidases

Question 8

What are the 2 types of Peptidase?

Answer 8

1. Endopeptidase

2. Exopeptidase

Question 9

What is the function of the Endopeptidase?

Answer 9

To break the internal Peptide Bonds

Question 10

What is the function of the Exopeptidase?

Answer 10

To break the Terminal Peptide bond

Question 11

What are the 2 types of Exopeptidases?

Answer 11

1. Aminopeptidase

2. Carbocypeptidase

Question 12

What is formed once the Peptidases act on Proteins / Peptides?

Answer 12

Amino-Acids

Question 13

How are Amino-Acids Absorbed?

Answer 13

1. The Sodium Amino-Acid Transporter Protein - 1 (SAAT-1) transports Amino-Acids and Sodium from the Lumen of the Alimentary Tract into the Epithelial Cells of the Jejunum
2. Sodium is transported through the NaKATPase Transporter Protein into the Capillaries
3. Amino-Acids are transported into the Capillaries via a different Transporter Protein