5.7 RESPIRATION Flashcards

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1
Q

Define respiration

A
  • The release of energy stored in organic molecules (glucose)
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2
Q

State the full path of the energy released during respiration

A
  • Uses the energy to form ATP by joining a molecule and ADP and inorgnaic phosphate (Pi)
  • When energy is required, ATP is hydrolysed back into ADP and Pi to release energy for processes
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3
Q

State five biological processes that rely on energy

A

1) Active transport
2) DNA replication
3) Cell division
4) Endocytosis/exocytosis
5) Movement (flagellum/motor proteins)

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4
Q

Which groups of organic moelucules store energy

A
  • Proteins/Lipids/Carbohydrates
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5
Q

Draw and label a mitochondria

A
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6
Q

Define the mitochondrial envelope

A
  • The inner and outer membrane of a mitochondria
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7
Q

Define the outer membrane

A
  • Smooth phospholipid composition (similar to cell surface membrane)
  • Allows entry of pyruvate
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8
Q

Define inner membrane

A
  • Lipid bilayer thats folded into cristae to enhance surface area
  • Less permeable than outer membrane
  • Site of oxidative phosphorilation
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9
Q

Define matrix

A
  • Fluid-filled inner part, contains mitochondrial ribosomes and looped mitochondrial DNA
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10
Q

Define inter-membrane space

A
  • Space between inner and outer membrane
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11
Q

Define and describe the role of the matrix

A
  • Fluid-filled inner part
  • Where kreb cycle and link reaction occur
  • Contains enzymes that catalyse the stages of the reaction
  • Contain coenzymes NAD and FAD
  • Contain looped mitochondrial DNA to code for mictochondrial enzymes/proteins
  • Contain mitochondrial ribosomes to assemble these proteins
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12
Q

Describe the roles of inner and outer membrane

A
  • Outer membrane is highly permeable to allow movement of pyruvate into the mitochondria
  • Inner membrane is less permeable and the site of oxidative phosphorilation
  • Mitochondrial membrane responsible for formation/maintanance of H+ proton gradient across inner membrane due to the proton build up in the intermembrane space
  • Inner membrane contains electron carriers/ATP synthase/proton pumps
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13
Q

Draw the overall pathway of respiration

A
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14
Q

State the four steps of aerobic respiration

A

1) Glycolysis
2) Links reaction
3) Kreb cycle
4) Oxidative phosphorilation

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15
Q

State the two steps for anaerobic respiration

A

1) Glycolysis
2) Lactate fermentation or ethanol fermentation

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16
Q

State where glycolysis occurs

A
  • The cell cytoplasm (not mitochondria)
17
Q

Outline the three stages of glycolysis

A

1) Phosphorylating glucose into hexose biphosphate using ATP
2) Splitting the hexose biphosphate into two triose phosphate molecules
3) Oxidation of triose phosphate to pyruvate

18
Q

Define glycolysis

A
  • Converting glucose into pyruvate
19
Q

State the products of glycolysis

A

1) Two molecules of ATP
2) Two molecules of reduced NAD
3) Two molecules of pyruvate

20
Q

Describe phosphorilation during glycolysis

A
  • One molecule of ATP is hydrolysed and the released phosphate group is added to glucose to make hexose biphosphate