5.7 RESPIRATION Flashcards
Define respiration
- The release of energy stored in organic molecules (glucose)
State the full path of the energy released during respiration
- Uses the energy to form ATP by joining a molecule and ADP and inorgnaic phosphate (Pi)
- When energy is required, ATP is hydrolysed back into ADP and Pi to release energy for processes
State five biological processes that rely on energy
1) Active transport
2) DNA replication
3) Cell division
4) Endocytosis/exocytosis
5) Movement (flagellum/motor proteins)
Which groups of organic moelucules store energy
- Proteins/Lipids/Carbohydrates
Draw and label a mitochondria
Define the mitochondrial envelope
- The inner and outer membrane of a mitochondria
Define the outer membrane
- Smooth phospholipid composition (similar to cell surface membrane)
- Allows entry of pyruvate
Define inner membrane
- Lipid bilayer thats folded into cristae to enhance surface area
- Less permeable than outer membrane
- Site of oxidative phosphorilation
Define matrix
- Fluid-filled inner part, contains mitochondrial ribosomes and looped mitochondrial DNA
Define inter-membrane space
- Space between inner and outer membrane
Define and describe the role of the matrix
- Fluid-filled inner part
- Where kreb cycle and link reaction occur
- Contains enzymes that catalyse the stages of the reaction
- Contain coenzymes NAD and FAD
- Contain looped mitochondrial DNA to code for mictochondrial enzymes/proteins
- Contain mitochondrial ribosomes to assemble these proteins
Describe the roles of inner and outer membrane
- Outer membrane is highly permeable to allow movement of pyruvate into the mitochondria
- Inner membrane is less permeable and the site of oxidative phosphorilation
- Mitochondrial membrane responsible for formation/maintanance of H+ proton gradient across inner membrane due to the proton build up in the intermembrane space
- Inner membrane contains electron carriers/ATP synthase/proton pumps
Draw the overall pathway of respiration
State the four steps of aerobic respiration
1) Glycolysis
2) Links reaction
3) Kreb cycle
4) Oxidative phosphorilation
State the two steps for anaerobic respiration
1) Glycolysis
2) Lactate fermentation or ethanol fermentation