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Immunology > 56-Effector Functions > Flashcards

56-Effector Functions Flashcards

1
Q

activation of T cells

A

happens in secondary lymphoid tissues

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2
Q

function of secondary lymphoid tissues

A

activate T cells

localize antigen to rare antigen specific t cell

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3
Q

entry of t cells into lymph nodes

A

through high endothelial venules or lymyphantics

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4
Q

CCR7

A

migration into T cell zone of lymph node

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5
Q

sphingosine 1 phosphate

A

high concentration in blood

low concentration in SLO

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6
Q

what controls migration of t cells in and out of SLO

A

Expression of sphingosine 1 phosphate receptor
move toward high concentrations of s1p (blood)
activation of receptor causes down regulation and t cells moves back to SLO

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7
Q

changes in # and phenotype of t cell

A

caused by infection
1-activation by maturation of dendritic cell migrating to lymph node and presenting antigens to MHC
2-expansion of T cells that respond to antigen
3-differentiation and migration to infection
4-contraction of cells after clearance of infection
5-memory t cells form

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8
Q

DC licensing

A

upregulation of CCR7 to migrate into t cell zone of lymph node which have ligands for CCR7 (CCL19 and 21)

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9
Q

CCL19 and CCL 21

A

ligands for CCR7 in T cell zone

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10
Q

activation of t cell

A

Requires 3 signals
1- from activation of TCR using MHC/antigen, needed for activation
2- from costimulatory receptors for survival using CD28 and B7.1 and B7.2
3-from cytokines from APC required for differentiation

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11
Q

what controls activation and differentiation

A

costimulatory receptor activation

coactivation of TCR and CD28 increase CD40L which activates CD40 to drive costimulatory receptors

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12
Q

Expansion of T cells

A

after TCR recognizes antigens
CD4 expand 10,000x in 10 days
CD8 expand 50,000x in 10 days

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13
Q

CD69

A

promote degradation of S1P receptor during T cell activation
keeps T cells in SLO
during maturation and expansion the CD69 is reduced so T cells can leave now that they have S1P receptors again

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14
Q

migration of T cells to infection

A

like inflammation but selectins are on the t cell not the venule
TLR produces TNF and IL-1 to activate endothelium
venule has selectin ligand, chemokines, and integrin ligand
t cell has selectin, chemokine receptor, and integrin
selectin=rolling
chemokine=upregulation of integrin
integrin=adhesion and migration

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15
Q

Th1 CD4

A

fight intracellular pathogens

release IFN-y to enhance macrophages, NK cells, and CD8

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16
Q

Th2 CD4

A

fight large parasites and mucosal pathogens
release IL-4 to activate macrophages and b cell switch to IgG and IgE
release IL-5 to activate eosonophil and b cell switch to IgA
release IL-13 to promote mucous secretion and peristalsis

17
Q

IFN-y

A

released by Th1 CD4 to enhance macrophages, NK cells, and CD8

18
Q

IL-4

A

released by Th2 to activate macrophages and b cell switch to IgG and IgE

19
Q

IL-5

A

released by Th2 to activate eosonophil and b cell switch to IgA

20
Q

IL-13

A

released by Th2 to promote mucous secretion and peristalsis

21
Q

Th17

A

fight small extracellular pathogens
release IL-17 to activate neutrophils and produce antimicrobial peptides
release IL-22 induce keratinocytes to promote epidermal hyperplasia
release IL-21 to activate CD8 cells, class switch B cells, differentiate NK cells

22
Q

IL-17

A

released by Th17 to activate neutrophils and produce antimicrobial peptides

23
Q

IL-22

A

released by Th17 to induce keratinocytes to promote epidermal hyperplasia

24
Q

IL-21

A

released by Th17 to activate CD8 cells, class switch B cells, differentiate NK cells

25
Q

CXCR5

A

expressed by CD4 T cells to migrate to B cell zone of SLO

this produces signals (cytokine IL-21) to enhance function of B cells

26
Q

Proliferation and differentiation of CD8

A

into effector CD8 cells
stimulated by antigen presenting cells (antigen/MHC and costimulatory molecules)
release IL-2 to drive T cell proliferation
leave lymph nodes and kill

27
Q

IL-2

A

T cell proliferation

28
Q

Activation of APC

A

using CD4 T cells

express costimulatory ligands, release IL-2, stimulate CD8 T cells

29
Q

CD8 killing mechanisms

A

express Fas ligand that activate Fas receptor on target cell
release perforin to form pores
release granzymes

30
Q

IFN-y

A

inhibit viral replication
activate macrophages
increase MHC class 1

31
Q

TRN-a

A

enhance target cell killing and activate macrophages

32
Q

types of memory T cells

A

Central memory
effector memory
resident memory

33
Q

central memory T cells

A

migrate to SLO, act like naive T cells, last for decades

34
Q

effector memory T cells

A

migrate to SLO or non lymphoid tissues, last for 1 year

35
Q

resident memory T cell

A

do not migrate
stay where they first reside
easily activated for rapid response to infection

Immunology (19 decks)

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