5.4 Energy Transfer during long duration/Lower intensity exercise

Question 1

what is glycolysis

Answer 1

the process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate to produce energy

Question 2

what is the Krebs cycle

Answer 2

a series of cyclical chemical reactions that take place in the mitochondria

Question 3

what is the electron transport chain

Answer 3

a series of chemical reactions that take place in the cristae of the mitochondria

Question 4

what is beta oxidation

Answer 4

the breakdown of fatty acids in order to provide ATP

Question 5

what are the 3 stages of the aerobic system

Answer 5

1 - aerobic glycolysis
2 - The Krebs Cycle (produces 2 ATP)
3 - The Electron Transport Chain (produces 34 ATP)

Question 6

what does pyruvate get broken down into in the presence of oxygen

Answer 6

acetyl coenzyme A

Question 7

what occurs during aerobic glycolysis (first stage)

Answer 7

• glycogen is converted into glucose by glycogen phosphorylase
• glucose is then broken down into pyruvic acid by phosphofructokinase
• beta oxidation also occurs
• if sufficient oxygen is present pyruvic acid is converted into acetyl coenzyme A
• produces 2ATP but requires 10 chemical reactions so is slow

Question 8

what occurs during beta oxidation

Answer 8

• fats (triglycerides) are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids
• beta oxidation converts glycerol and fatty acids in acetyl coenzyme A

Question 9

what occurs during The Kreb’s Cycle

Answer 9

• requires 2 ATP and CO2
• the citric acid cycle occurs

Question 10

what occurs during the citric acid cycle

Answer 10

• occurs in the mitochondria
• pyruvic acid is converted into citric acid
• 2 ATP is produced
• CO2 and hydrogen is produced
• CO2 is exhaled by the lungs
• hydrogen ions are used in the electron transport chain

Question 11

what occurs during the electron transport chain (stage 3)

Answer 11

• hydrogen ions are split into H+ and e-
• H+ produces water
• e- produces 34 ATP

Question 12

what is the overall yield of ATP in the aerobic system

Answer 12

38 ATP

Question 13

advantages of the aerobic system

Answer 13

• lots of ATP produced
• there are no fatiguing by products
• lots of glycogen and triglycerides stores so exercise can last for a long time

Question 14

disadvantages of the aerobic system

Answer 14

• complicated system so cannot be used straight away (takes a long time for their to be enough oxygen present)
• fatty acid transportation to muscles is low