5.3 The Oral Cavity, Mastication and Swallowing

Question 1

Describe the four names/locations of salivary glands

Answer 1

1. Parotid (lateral cheek)
2. Sublingual (under tongue)
3. Submandibular (under mandible along midline)
4. Palatine (in roof of mouth)

Question 2

What bones make up the hard palate of the oral cavity? What sections of the mouth are soft/hard palate?

Answer 2

• Hard palate = maxilla and palatine bones
• Ant 2/3 is hard, post 1/3 is soft

Question 3

What are the two types of muscle in the tongue? What are their functions?

Answer 3

• Intrinsic: fine movements of tongue
• Extrinsic: movement of the whole tongue

Question 4

List the intrinsic/extrinsic muscles of the tongue

Answer 4

Intrinsic: longitudinal, vertical, transverse

Extrinsic: genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, palatoglossus

Question 5

Which muscles are used in mastication? How are they innervated? Blood supply?

Answer 5

• Medial/lateral pterygoid, masseter, temporalis
• Innervated by mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
• Blood supply is maxillary artery

Question 6

Where does the temporalis muscle insert? What are its actions on the mandible during mastication?

Answer 6

• Inserts on coronoid process of mandible (anterior to mandibular notch)

Question 7

Masseter insertion

Answer 7

Mandibular angle

Question 8

What movements it the lateral pterygoid responsible for?

Answer 8

• Moves condylar process forward, initiating depression
• Protrusion (makes sense) and side-to-side movement also

Question 9

Which pterygoid plate(s) do the pterygoids attach to? Which surface?

Answer 9

• Both attach to the lateral pterygoid plate
• Medial = medial surface, lateral = lateral surface

Question 10

The supra and infrahyoid muscles ____ the mandible

Answer 10

Depress

Question 11

Boundaries of pharynx subdivisions

Answer 11

• Naso: choanae to soft palate
• Oro: soft palate to epiglottis
• Laryngo: post. to larynx

Question 12

What tonsils are in the naso/oropharynx?

Answer 12

Naso: Pharyngeal tonsil
Oro: Palatine tonsil

Question 13

Describe innervation of the pharyngeal muscles

Answer 13

• CN X (motor)
• CN IX (Sensory)
• Sympathetic (vasomotor)

Question 14

Describe the four phases of swallowing, from mouth to stomach. Which are voluntary?

Answer 14

1. Oral (chewing, forming bolus, moving toward pharynx)
2. Transit (tongue and soft palate move bolus toward pharynx)
3. Pharyngeal (protect upper and lower airways, relax UOS)
4. Oesophageal (peristalsis, open LOS)

Only the first two are voluntary (think about it).

Question 15

What are the two muscular arches of the pharynx? How do they assist in swallowing?

Answer 15

• 2 muscles are palatopharyngeus and palatoglossal
• When they contract, they enable pressure buildup that drives swallowing
• Palatopharyngeus tenses and elevated soft palate to close nasal cavity
• Palatoglossus elevates posterior tongue to move bolus

Question 16

Which muscles are responsible for tensing/elevating the soft palate

Answer 16

Tensor/levator veli palatini