5.2.2: Respiration Flashcards
What are the stages of aerobic respiration?
1) Glycolysis
2) The Link Reaction
3) The Krebs Cycle
4) Oxidative Phosphorylation
What are the stages of glycolysis?
1) Phosphorylation
2) Lysis
3) Phosphorylation (again)
4) Dehydrogenation and ATP formation
Where does glycolysis take place?
Cytoplasm
Where does the Link reaction take place?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
Where does the Krebs cycle take place?
In the matrix of the mitochondria
Where does oxidative phosphorylation take place?
On the cristae of the mitochondria
Decarboxylation
removal of a carboxyl group from a molecule
Dehydrogenation
Removal of hydrogen atom(s) from a molecule
How many reduced NAD formed from one turn Krebs Cycle?
3
How many reduced FAD formed from one turn Krebs cycle?
1
Substance used in respirometer to absorb CO₂
Potassium hydroxide
Features of mitochondria that are also found in prokaryotic cells
70s ribosomes
Circular DNA
Bacterial adaptations to low oxygen environments
• Evolved to use nitrate, sulphate and carbon dioxide as final electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration
⟶ Enables survival in very low/zero oxygen environments
Mammalian adaptations to low oxygen environments (biochemical)
- high tolerance to lactic acid
- very effective blood buffer systems (so high CO₂ tolerance)
- high concentrations of haemoglobin and myoglobin to maximise oxygen stores
Mammalian adaptations to low oxygen environments (physiological)
- Modified circulatory system that enables peripheral vasoconstriction upon diving (blood shunted to brain, heart, muscles)
- Bradycardia upon diving
- Whales exchange 80-95% of air in the lungs when they breathe; compare to humans (15%)
