5.1 Pancreas and liver

Question 1

describe the formation of enzymes in acinus

Answer 1

-formed on RER
-moved to golgi
-condensing vacuoles
-concentrated in zymogen granules
-released via stimulus (CCK or vagus)

Question 2

what would presence of pancreatic enzymes in blood show?

Answer 2

pancreatic damage/pancreatitis

Question 3

proportions of blood supply to liver

Answer 3

80% hepatic portal veins (venous)
20% hepatic arteries (arterial)

Question 4

difference between hepatic veins and hepatic portal veins

Answer 4

hepatic portal: venous blood supply to liver
hepatic: merged central veins draining liver

Question 5

where does blood drain after central veins merged to hepatic vein?

Answer 5

IVC

Question 6

which zone of kidney most likely affected by:
-toxins
-ischaemia

Answer 6

1. 1 as closest proximity to portal triads containing toxins in blood
2. 3 as furthest away from blood supply

Question 7

how do gallstones form?

Answer 7

bile contents precipitate as too much water/ions removed

Question 8

what stimulates gallbladder contraction? then what happens?

Answer 8

CCK released from duodenum
sphincter of odd relaxes so bile can enter duodenum and be useful

Question 9

describe how jaundice can occur/ dark urine

Answer 9

-bilirubin is a breakdown product of haemoglobin, conjugated in liver
-secreted into bile but accumulates in blood if can’t be excreted in faeces
-causes jaundice e of tissues/ dark urine if via kidneys