2.1 Hernias

Question 1

define hernia

Answer 1

protrusion of part of viscera beyond the confines of its containing cavity

Question 2

signs and symptoms of hernias

Answer 2

not stuck:
-swelling
-aches
-larger when intra-abdo pressure increases

stuck:
-pain
-can’t move
-nausea and vomiting
-systemic issues if ischaemic

Question 3

when do testes descend?

Answer 3

7-8th month

Question 4

what’s the processes vaginalis?

Answer 4

pouch of peritoneum

Question 5

what’s the gubernaculum?

Answer 5

condensed band of mesenchyme that links gonad to labioscrotal swelling

Question 6

patent processus vaginalis

Answer 6

doesn’t fully obliterate/ at all
leaves a pathway from peritoneal cavity to scrotum

Question 7

where does the superficial inguinal ring exit to in men and women?

Answer 7

men- scrotum
women- labia majora

Question 8

where do we say a hernia’s location is?

Answer 8

where it starts to bulge out of the cavity (not where it ends up)

Question 9

why are femoral hernias more common in females?

Answer 9

wider angle of pelvis so can easily get stuck and strangulate

Question 10

omphalocele

Answer 10

failure of midgut to return to abdomen during development, so viscera persist outside abdo cavity, so abdo cavity won’t grow to correct size

Question 11

why is mortality so high for omphalocele?

Answer 11

often have other genetic problems e.g. cardiac/neural

Question 12

gastroschisis

Answer 12

defect in ventral abdo wall- R of umbilicus, abdo viscera not covered in peritoneum so exposed to amniotic fluid
feeding problems
short, inflamed gut

Question 13

survival of gastroschisis compared to omphhalocele

Answer 13

better as less genetic complications and defect can be closed by surgery to put gut back in