3.1 Salivation and swallowing

Question 1

other functions of saliva

Answer 1

-phonation
-disease transmission
-mastication
-immune surveillance
-cooling effect

Question 2

where does the parotid duct penetrate?

Answer 2

buccinator opposite 2nd upper molar, after passing over masseter

Question 3

what is parotiditis? why so painful?

Answer 3

mumps
parotid gland enclosed by tough inextensible sheath so can’t swell so pressure increases

Question 4

other effect of mumps

Answer 4

fertility issues as can cause testis and ovary inflammation

Question 5

parotid sialography

Answer 5

fine catheter inserted into parotid duct through mouth, inject contrast to view stones in gland

Question 6

typical presentation of parotid stones

Answer 6

pain comes on in anticipation of food, then either gradually subsides or suddenly resolves with gritty bits in mouth as stones pass out

Question 7

how is the UOS opened?

Answer 7

larynx moves forwards

Question 8

how can the pharyngeal constrictors cause a varied response?

Answer 8

if pleasant: swallow
if horrible: gag

Question 9

name 4 locations where the oesophagus narrows

Answer 9

-junction with pharynx
-where aortic arch crosses
-left bronchus compresses
-oesophageal hiatus

Question 10

describe the formation of hypotonic saliva

Answer 10

-myoepithelial cells tell acinar cells in salivary duct to contract and release saliva
-initial saliva is isotonic
-ductal cells take up more Na+ and Cl- than they release HCO3 and Cl-, so saliva now hypotonic

Question 11

how much saliva is produced by each of the 3 gland types?

Answer 11

-parotid 25%
-sublingual 5%
-submandicular 70%

Question 12

saliva composition of each gland type

Answer 12

-parotid serous
-sublingual mucous
-submandibular mixed

Question 13

are salivary glands endo or exocrine?

Answer 13

exocrine

Question 14

explain how oxybutinin is linked to xerostomia?

Answer 14

drug used for overactive bladder, inhibits parasympathetic nervous system, so saliva production is decreased