5.1 individual differences

Question 1

personality

Answer 1

patterns of thoughts and feelings

Question 2

anxiety

Answer 2

negative emotional state associated with arousal

Question 3

state anxiety

Answer 3

anxiety felt in certain situations 2 types

Question 4

somatic anxiety

Answer 4

the body’s response to the anxiety - tension heart rate

Question 5

cognitive anxiety

Answer 5

psychological worry over the situation

Question 6

stable personality traits

Answer 6

someone does not not swing from one emotion to another stable personality

Question 7

unstable or neurotic personality traits

Answer 7

a personality characteristic of someone who is highly anxious and unpredictable emotions

Question 8

introversion

Answer 8

person that does not seek social situations likes peace and quiet good concentration though

Question 9

extroversion

Answer 9

person who seeks social situations and likes excitement but lacks concentration

Question 10

arousal

Answer 10

the energised state or the readiness for action that motivates us

Question 11

self actualisation

Answer 11

the individuals desire to explore and understand the world so they can grow personality and reach their potential

Question 12

attitude

Answer 12

acting in a particular way towards something

Question 13

prejudice

Answer 13

a preconceived opinion about somthing

Question 14

components of an attitude

Answer 14

beliefs, emotions, behaviour

Question 15

persuasive communication

Answer 15

important method in changing attitudes or an element

Question 16

social norms

Answer 16

behaviours deemed as normal in a culture

Question 17

culture

Answer 17

members of a community learning certain behaviours

Question 18

why negative attitudes to physical activity is built up

Answer 18

• dislike the experiences
• harmful
• lack skills necessary
• experience stress when they participate
• social norm of participation

Question 19

why positive attitudes towards exercise is built up

Answer 19

• value of exercise
• enjoyment
  -good at it
• social norm of partipipation

Question 20

motivation

Answer 20

the internal mechanisms and external stimuli that arouse and direct our behaviour

Question 21

drive

Answer 21

a motivation towards achieving a goal

Question 22

extrinsic motivation

Answer 22

external reasons for being motivated

Question 23

intrinsic motivation

Answer 23

internal reasons for motivation

Question 24

drive theory

Answer 24

linear relationship between arousal x axis and performance on the y axis

Question 25

facts about the drive theory

Answer 25

- developed by hull 1943 -spence and spence adapted it 1968

Question 26

drive reduction

Answer 26

when drive is reduced due to loosing motivation

Question 27

inverted u theory

Answer 27

performance increases until a certain point called - optimum arousal level then it declines - made by yerkes and dodson

Question 28

optimum arousal level

Answer 28

highest point of arousal

Question 29

catastrophe theory

Answer 29

slow star steep increase extreme decline then either recovery or continued decline

Question 30

catastrophe theory made by

Answer 30

fazey and hardey (1988)

Question 31

somatic anxiety

Answer 31

anxiety experienced physiologically or of the body

Question 32

cognitive anxiety

Answer 32

experienced by the mind anxiety worry

Question 33

peak flow experience

Answer 33

the emotion or response when optimum performance is reached

Question 34

reticular activating system (RAS)

Answer 34

located in the central core of the brainstem maintains levels of arousal

Question 35

competitive anxiety

Answer 35

the worry or apprehension experienced during competitive experiences

Question 36

individual differences

Answer 36

the way people interact with a situation

Question 37

competitive trait anxiety

Answer 37

tendency to perceive competitive experiences situations as threatening

Question 38

assertion

Answer 38

forceful behaviour within the laws of events

Question 39

catharsis

Answer 39

release of aggression leading to feeling of wellbeing

Question 40

social facilitation

Answer 40

the positive influence of others who may be watching or competing on sport performance

Question 41

social inhabitation

Answer 41

negative influences of others who may be watching or competing decrease in sport performance

Question 42

evaluation apprehension

Answer 42

the presence of the audience or competitors may raise arousal levels decrease performance or at times the presence of others had calming effects

Question 43

type A

Answer 43

anxiety individuals perform less well in the presence of others than type B

Question 44

Type B

Answer 44

low anxiety perform better with an audience