1.2 cardiovascular and respiratory systems ✔️ Flashcards
what is the cardiac system
the heart its muscle blood vessels and the blood they contain - form a closed system
what is the pulmonary circuit
carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs and oxygenated blood back to the heart
what is the systemic circuit
carries oxygenated blood to the body and deoxygenated blood back to the heart
what separates the heart into two sides
the septum
where are the atrio-ventricular valves
valves in between the atria and ventricles
where are the semilunar valves located
between the ventricles and the blood vessels
what side of the heart is systemic
left side - thicker walls bicuspid higher pressure
what side of the heart is pulmonary
right side - tri-cuspid thinner walls less pressure
what vein is on the right atrium of the heart (deoxygenated)
vena cava - superior - blood from upper body
inferior vena cava - blood from lower body
what vein is on the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs (deoxygenated)
pulmonary artery - carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs
what vein is on the left side of the heart in the left ventricle (oxygenated)
aorta - carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body
what vein takes blood from the lungs to the left atrium (oxygenated)
the pulmonary vein - carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart left atrium
what is myogenic
a muscles that starts the electrical impulses themselves that cause contractions
the conduction system
the rout that electrical impulses take through the heart 5 structures
where is the Sa node (pacemaker) found and what does it do
in the right atrial wall - generates the impulse and fires it through the atrial walls causing contraction - (pace of contractions makes heartrate)
what does the AV node do
receives the electrical impulse and delays it for 0.1 seconds to allow the atria finish contracting then releases it to the bundle of his
where is the bundle of his located and what does it do
it is located in the septum and splits the impulse in two to be distributed through each separate ventricle
bundle branches
carry the impulse to the base of each ventricle
purkyne fibres
these distribute the impulse through the ventricle walls causing them to contract
what is the cardiac cycle
the contractions of the cardiac muscle and the movement of blood through its chambers
- diastole
when the atria and ventricles relax they expand drawing blood into the atria the av valves open blood flows into the ventricles the sl valves shut
- ventricular systole
the ventricles contract closing the AV valves and the SL valves open forcing blood into the aorta and pulmonary artery
- atrial systole
atria contract forcing blood into the ventricles
what causes diastole
no electrical impulse (cardiac muscle relaxes)