1.1 skeletal and muscular systems ✔️ Flashcards
what are the three planes of movement
frontal - back front
sagittal - left right
transverse - top bottom
what movement is decreasing the joint angle
flexion
what movement is decreasing the joint angle
flexion
what movement is increasing ancle angle
plantar flexion - plant toes
what movement is decreasing the ancle angle
dorsi flexion
what movement moves the limb closer to the midline
adduction
what movement moves the limbs out from the midline
abduction
what movement is horizontally increasing joint angle
horizontal extension
what movement is horizontally decreasing the joint angle
horizontal flexion
name a ball and socket joint
shoulder, hip
name a hinge joint
elbow knee ankle
name a condyloid joint
wrist
what muscle is the chest
pectoralis major
what are the two stomach muscles
rectus abdominals
external obliques
what muscle is the front of the calf
tibialis anterior
what muscles are at the back of the calf
gastrocnemius
soleus
what muscle is the hamstring
bicep femoris
what muscles are the quads
rectus femoris- actual quad
adductor longus - inside (side of quad)
bum muscles
glutes maximus - bum
glutes medias - above bum
side of back muscles
latissimus dorsi
back of neck muscle
trapezius
top right left back muscle
teres major - teres minor (bigger) - make up the whole area)
sholder muscles
anterior posterior medial
deltoids
arms muscles
triceps brachi
bicep brachi
what is the agonist
muscle responsible for creating movement at a joint
what is an antagonist
muscle that opposes the agonist providing resistance for coordiantion
what muscles stabilises a part of the body while another moves
fixator
what is eccentric contractions
a contraction when the muscle lengthens providing stability and producing tension (like the downward phase of a bicep curl)
what is a concentric contraction
muscle contraction which shortens to produce tension (upward phase of a bicep curl)
isotonic contraction
can be concentric and eccentric muscle change length during contraction
isometric contraction
muscular contraction that stays the same length when producing tension (like holding a plank holding anything still)
M,A,N,S,A,Y,S,All
allows skeletal muscle contractions
first A
action potential - positive charge in the nerves and muscles cells
M
motor neuron
N
neuromuscular junction - includes the axon the synaptic cleft and motor end plate (muscle fibers aswell)
first s
synaptic cleff
second A
Acetyl choline (neurotransmitter)
Y
why -
S
signal can pass into the muscles
All
all or none law - all muscle fibres contract or don’t
synaptic cleff
the gap between the axons motor end plate and muscle fibres
motor unit
a motor neuron and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon
motor end plate
located opposite from the axon recieves the signal from the neurotransmitter
what type are slow oxidative fibres
type 1
what type are fast glycolytic
type 2b
what type are fast oxidative glycolytic
type 1b
what is myoglobin
an oxygen storage protein in the muscles
define slow oxidative
an anerobic muscle fibre with lots of mitochondria myoglobin and capillaries producing a small amount of energy over a long period of time
define fast glycolytic
an anerobic muscle fibre rich in phosphocreatine which produces a maximal force over a short period of time
what is aerobic work
low intensity long duration exercise in the presence of oxygen
what is anaerobic work
high intensity work short duration exercise in absence of oxygen
define phosphocreatine
high energy compound stored in the muscle cells used as fuel for high intensity energy production
name a sport that would use fast oxidative glycolitic
200m freestyle
name a sport that would use fast glycolitic
explosive athletes 100m sprinter
what sport would use mostly slow oxidative
marathon runner
what is rotation
where the limb moves in a circular movement around a fixed joint towards or away from the midline of the body
