50. Acid Base Balance

Question 1

Introduction :-
-CO2 + H2O ——————>

When H+ increases :- acid base balance is maintained by 
1. 
2. 
3. 
1st line control :- 
Occurs within :- 
By :- 

Lungs :-
Increase or decrease,,,,,,,,,by regulation of ,,,,,,,
2mpnd line control
Occurs within :-

Kidney
Last line of control
,,,,,,&,,,,,,,reabsorption or excretion
Takes :-

Answer 1

237

Question 2

PH of blood is :-
Death occurs when ph
1.
2

Changes in ph
Protein :-
Effect of acidosis on CNS :-
Effect of alkalosis on CNS :-

Answer 2

237

Question 3

Buffer :- 
1st line :- 
Most important extra cellular buffer :- 
Most important intra cellular buffer :- 
Buffer in RBC :- 
Buffer action is mediated by amino acid :- 

Phosphate buffer 
1. 
2. 
Ammonia buffer
1. In :- 
2.

Answer 3

238

Question 4

Lungs :- 2d line control 
Regulate:- 
Only ,,,,% effective 
Hyperventilation :- 
Hypoventilation :- 

Alveolar ventilation is inversely proportional to :-

So in hyperventilation :-

Answer 4

238

Question 5

Kidney 
Last line :- 
1. Active generation of :- 
2. During acidosis :- 
3. During alkalosis :-

Answer 5

239

Question 6

Resorption of filtered bicarbonate ion :-
In PCT :- ,,,,% of ,,,,,,,,is ,,,,,,,,,
The excreted H+ ion reacts with :- ……is filtered and forms H2CO3 which dissociates into,,,,,,,+,,,,,
Enters :-
HCO3 produced inside ,,,,,gets ,,,,,,

Answer 6

239

Question 7

Generation of new bicarbonate ions
2 mechanism :-
1.
2.

Answer 7

240

Question 8

When Phosphate is used as buffer :-
H+ when excreted into urine
H+ connect with phosphate in URINE
Excreted

Answer 8

240

Question 9

When ammonia used in buffer
H+ excreted in urine
H+ combines with :- ammonia in urine
Excreted :-

Answer 9

240

Question 10

When phosphate and ammonia are used as buffer the acids ( ,,,,,,+,,,,,) that are excreted is known as :-

Answer 10

240

Question 11

Titratable acids :-

Answer 11

240

Question 12

Limiting PH
All the H+ ions gets buffered at the level of :-
The ph until which the H+ ions can be excreted in urine is known as :-

Limiting ph is :-

Does not reach in pct :-

The limiting ph of ,,,,,is reached at the level of ………….
Acidification of urine :-

Answer 12

241

Question 13

Acidification of urine occurs in :-

Answer 13

241

Question 14

Role of collecting duct

Acid base regulating cell in collecting duct :-
Types
1.
2.

Answer 14

241

Question 15

Acid base regulating cell in collecting duct :- 
Type A I cells :- 
Excrete :- 
Seen in :- 
Type B I cells :- 
Excrete :- 
Seen in :-

Answer 15

241

Question 16

Type A I and Type B I are intenconvertible :-

Due to protein :-

Answer 16

241

Question 17

Anion Gap
- due to unmeasured anion I,e ,,,,,,,,,,,

Anion Gap ( meq/L) :- ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Normal AG =

Answer 17

242

Question 18

During metabolic acidosis , there is 
.........and .......
In order to maintain the :- 
Anion must :- 
If anion is unmeasured anion :- 
HAGMA :-

Answer 18

242

Question 19

HAGMA :- 
Seen in 
1. 
2. 
3.

Answer 19

242

Question 20

If anion that is increasing is measured ion :- 
Anion gap remain normal 
NAGMA :- or 
Aka :- 
Seen in 
1. 
2. 
3.

Answer 20

242