5 Vodcast

Question 1

Last universal common ancestor?

Answer 1

LUCA

Question 2

LUCA possessed either DNA and/or RNA?

Answer 2

There is debate, we don’t know.

Question 3

LUCA had ____ of nucleotides called codons.

Answer 3

Triplets

Question 4

Did LUCA used ATP?

Answer 4

Yes

Question 5

LUCA was unicellular or multicellular?

Answer 5

Unicellular

Question 6

Did LUCA lack a membrane?

Answer 6

No

Question 7

Did LUCA have organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

Could lUCA replicate genetic material?

Answer 8

Yes

Question 9

Did LUCA lack hereditary material?

Answer 9

No

Question 10

Eukarya share a more common ancestor with arcaea or bacteria?

Answer 10

Archaea

Question 11

Can archaea form biofilms ?

Answer 11

Yes

Question 12

Biofilms?

Answer 12

A collection of cells that interact to each other and form a surface through molecular forces.

Question 13

Stromatolites?

Answer 13

Cyanobacteria which trap sediments to form stromatolites.

Question 14

What is the earliest evidence of life?

Answer 14

Stromatolites.

Question 15

Which group contains peptidoglycan in cell wall, archaea/bacteria?

Answer 15

Archaea

Question 16

Peptidoglycan?

Answer 16

Large macomolecule consisting of polysaccharides and amino acids that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.

Question 17

Gram-positive bacteria vs gram-negative bacteria?

Answer 17

Gram positive: uniformly dense cell wall consisting primarily of peptidoglycan
Gram negative: thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.

Question 18

Does both bacteria and archaea have -linkages in their cell membrane?

Answer 18

Yes

Question 19

Which one, archaea or bacteria have ether-linked membrane lipids?

Answer 19

Archaea

Question 20

What is more stable, ester-linked or ether linked?

Answer 20

Ether linked

Question 21

Divide by binary fission?

Answer 21

Replication without the need of finding another mate.

Question 22

Horizontal (lateral) gene transfer steps? 4•

Answer 22

•one bacterium contains a plasmid to be transferred
•A connection forms and the plasmid is copied
•Bother bacteria now contain the plasmid
•The recipient may even integrate the plasmid into its chromosome.

Question 23

Three main shapes of bacteria?

Answer 23

•Coccus cocci (round shaped)
•Bacillus Bacilli (rod shape)
•Spirillum spirilla (worm shape and can be quite mobile)

Question 24

Bacteria can either be in terms of gaining nutrients?

Answer 24

Autotrophs (fix their own carbon) or heterotrophs (consume carbon)

Question 25

Staphylococcus and Bacillus anthracis belong in the same or different group?

Answer 25

Same group

Question 26

Important bacteria taxons?

Answer 26

Unnamed tax on: Staphylococcus, Bacillus anthracis
Unnamed Taxon
Cyanobacteria
Unnamed Taxon
Proteobacteria E. coli, Yersinia pestis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella
Unnamed Taxon
Spirochetes Lyme disease, syphilis
Chlamydia