5 Vodcast Flashcards
Last universal common ancestor?
LUCA
LUCA possessed either DNA and/or RNA?
There is debate, we don’t know.
LUCA had ____ of nucleotides called codons.
Triplets
Did LUCA used ATP?
Yes
LUCA was unicellular or multicellular?
Unicellular
Did LUCA lack a membrane?
No
Did LUCA have organelles like mitochondria or chloroplasts?
No
Could lUCA replicate genetic material?
Yes
Did LUCA lack hereditary material?
No
Eukarya share a more common ancestor with arcaea or bacteria?
Archaea
Can archaea form biofilms ?
Yes
Biofilms?
A collection of cells that interact to each other and form a surface through molecular forces.
Stromatolites?
Cyanobacteria which trap sediments to form stromatolites.
What is the earliest evidence of life?
Stromatolites.
Which group contains peptidoglycan in cell wall, archaea/bacteria?
Archaea
Peptidoglycan?
Large macomolecule consisting of polysaccharides and amino acids that surrounds the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane.
Gram-positive bacteria vs gram-negative bacteria?
Gram positive: uniformly dense cell wall consisting primarily of peptidoglycan
Gram negative: thin peptidoglycan layer and an outer membrane.
Does both bacteria and archaea have -linkages in their cell membrane?
Yes
Which one, archaea or bacteria have ether-linked membrane lipids?
Archaea
What is more stable, ester-linked or ether linked?
Ether linked
Divide by binary fission?
Replication without the need of finding another mate.
Horizontal (lateral) gene transfer steps? 4•
•one bacterium contains a plasmid to be transferred
•A connection forms and the plasmid is copied
•Bother bacteria now contain the plasmid
•The recipient may even integrate the plasmid into its chromosome.
Three main shapes of bacteria?
•Coccus cocci (round shaped)
•Bacillus Bacilli (rod shape)
•Spirillum spirilla (worm shape and can be quite mobile)
Bacteria can either be in terms of gaining nutrients?
Autotrophs (fix their own carbon) or heterotrophs (consume carbon)
