14

Question 1

Locus?

Answer 1

The position of a particular gene in a chromosome

Question 2

Heterozygote?

Answer 2

One copy of each allele in a genotype

Question 3

Hardy-weinberg equilibrium?

Answer 3

Null hypothesis: no evolution is occurring.

Question 4

5 hardy-weinberg assumptions? 5*

Answer 4

*No mutations
*No gene flow/migration
*No selection
*Large population size (negligible genetic drift)
*Random mating

Question 5

Chi^2=?

Answer 5

sum((OBS - EXP)^2)/EXP

Question 6

If chi^2 > _____, then you have statistical significance.

Answer 6

3.84

Question 7

Heterozygous advantage?

Answer 7

Heterozygotes results in a phenotype different than the phenotypes from homozygous genotypes, and have a higher effect on fitness than the two homozygotes.

Question 8

Additive inheritance system?

Answer 8

The heterozygotes have an intermediate phenotype from both homozygous phenotypes, and has an effect on fitness between the two homozygotes.

Question 9

The rate of adaptation can differ if the selected allele is dominant/recessive?

Answer 9

Dominant or recessive

Question 10

If heterozygotes has higher fitness than some homozygotes, and they start interbreeding with each other, then?

Answer 10

High fitness homozygotes can appear.

Question 11

Why may dominant A1 allele never reach to fixation even though its advantageous?

Answer 11

There is still some sheltering of recessive A2 alleles, not advantageous, in the recessive heterozygote genotypes.

Question 12

Recessive advantageous A1 allele appears in the population. Higher fitness only occurs in A1A1 individuals. If we start with A2A2 individuals and a mutation occurs where a heterozygous genotype occurs, will there be an A1A1?

Answer 12

It will happen in a really long time with a rare probability. When it does appear, it will be a very rapid increase, which will lead to fixation since its not possible for the dominant A2 allele to shelter as a heterozygous.

Question 13

Fixation only occurs in alleles that are?

Answer 13

Recessive and advantageous.

Question 14

Does the fact that an allele is dominant or recessive have anything to do with selection?

Answer 14

No, it doesn’t.

Question 16

If you have the additive advantageous example, if A1 is dominant, will it go to fixation?

Answer 16

Yes since the heterozygous genotype has lower fitness than the A1 homozygous genotype. This means that eventually, the heterozygous genotype will fade away meaning the A2 allele will also eventually fade away.