11 Flashcards
Alteristic behaviour?
An organism sacrifices its own fitness to increase the fitness of a relative.
Indirect fitness?
The fitness you gain by having the fitness of a relative
Hamilton’s equation?
•rB > C, r is the coefficient of the person donating the alteristic behaviour and the person receiving that behaviour.
r = (fraction of relatedness to an organism(what fraction is dna is shared))*(fraction of relatedness to another organism) + the product of the relatedness to other pathways between you and the same organism
C = cost: Your cost of not helping - your cost if helping
B = benefit: Their benefit if you help - Their cost if you don’t help
Every generational links is?
0.5. That means 50% of the genes are shared between generations
Different r values between gene relatedness across family generations? 3•
•Offpring 0.5 Full siblings, 1/2 siblings
•Grand children 0.25, Nieces, Nephews
•Great grandchildren 0.125 Cousins
Direct fitness?
The contribution that an individual ages to the gene pool through their own offspring.
How to maximize fitness?
High fecundity and longevity
Survival alone without reproduction has or doesn’t have an effect in indirect fitness?
Doesn’t
Life history Tradeoffs: mate or wait?
Do you mate now or wait until you are larger and possibly have more offspring. But if you wait too long, you may get killed by a predator before even be able to reproductive.
How can we determine the best life history strategy: mate or wait?
•Current reproductive success
•Future reproductive success
•likelihood of survival
Total likely offspring?
Number Offspring now + (number offspring next yearsurvival rate) + (number offspringsurvival rate^2) …
If you have high predation, then do you have high or low number of offspring per attempt?
High
Bigger eggs tend to have bigger offspring tends to have?
Higher fitness and competitive abilities.
Extrinsic mortality?
Rate at which external events can lead to death in a population
Intrinsic mortality?
Mortality that comes with internal events, such as aging and disease.
Senescence?
A decline with age in per capita reproductive performance, or the probability of survival. Aging.
Senescence in an evolutionary standpoint is?
A life history trade-off.
Antagonistic Pleiotropy?
An allele is favoured since it benefits survival early in life, even if it has negative effects later in life.
Group selection?
Differential performance of groups of individuals causes some groups to out-compete and replace others. But selection can favour cheaters phenotypes within groups, undermining group selection for altruism.
Individual selection?
Differential performance of individuals causes some genotypes to replace other genotypes.
Sociality can evolve through?
Selection on individuals when the benefits of sociality outweigh its costs.
Benefits of sociality? 3•
•Avoiding predators
•Defending recourses
•Cooperate foraging/hunting
Costs of sociality? 4•
•Conspicuousness to predators
•Competition for food/mates
•Decreased certainty of paternity/maturity
•Increased transmission of disease/parasites
Kin selection?
Selection arising from the indirect fitness benefits of helping relatives.
