5. Urinary Tract Infections

Question 1

A drug that is appropriate for AST on an Enterococcus spp. isolated in urine

Answer 1

Ampicillin

Question 2

A localized infection, so no fever. Dysuria, frequency, and urgency. Urine may be cloudy, bloody, and foul smelling.

Answer 2

Cystitis

Question 3

Built-in mechanism that prevents urine reflux

Answer 3

Ureterovesical valve

Question 4

• Long, slender, helically-curved spirochete

- Zoonotic, from reptiles

Answer 4

Leptospira

Question 5

3 organism that are normal colonizers of the distal end of the urethra?

Answer 5

• CoNS
• Lactobacillus
• Corynebacterium

Question 6

Normal component of urine that is inhibitory to the growth of some bacteria?

Answer 6

High urea content

Question 7

What can prostatitis lead to?

Answer 7

Hydronephrosis

Question 8

What is urosepsis?

Answer 8

UTI with accompanying bacteremia

Question 9

2 methods in classifying UTIs?

Answer 9

• Frequency (single episode/chronic or recurrent)

- Severity (uncomplicated/complicated)

Question 10

What is hydronephrosis

Answer 10

Bladder can’t empty properly => urine gets pushed up into ureters and kidneys

Question 11

Organism usually associated with hematogenous UTI

Answer 11

S. aureus

Question 12

Organism count that indicates UTI

Answer 12

100 x 10*6 CFU/L

Question 13

Frequency and dysuria without demonstrable infection. Urines cultures are usually sterile or have very low counts.

Answer 13

Acute urethral syndrome

Question 14

4 host defense mechanisms against UTIs

Answer 14

• Urine composition
• Voiding
• Immune response
• Reflux prevention