5. The Skull Flashcards
Main types of bone markings
Articulating surfaces, depressions, projections, openings, and spaces
Bone marking that is a large rounded projection that may be roughened
Tuberosity
Bone marking that is a narrow ridge of bone, usually prominent
Crest
Bone marking that is a very large, blunt irregularly shaped process
Trochanter
Bone marking that is a narrow ridge of bone and less prominent than a crest
Line
Bone marking that is a small rounded projection or process
Tubercle
Bone marking that is a raised area on or above a condyle
Epicondyle
Bone marking that is a sharp, slender, often pointed projection
Spine
Bone marking that is any bony prominence
Process
Bone marking that is the bony expansion carried on a narrow neck
Head
Bone marking that is a smooth, nearly flat articular surface
Facet
Bone marking that is a rounded articular projection and often articulated with a corresponding fossa
Condyle
Bone marking that is a round or oval opening through a bone
Foramen
Bone marking that is a furrow
Groove
Bone marking that is a narrow, slitlike opening
Fissure
Bone marking that is an indentation at the edge of a structure
Notch
Bone marking that is a shallow basin like depression in a bone, often serving as an articular surface
Fossa
Bone marking that is a canal-like passageway
Meatus
Bone marking that is a cavity within a bone, filled with air and lined with mucous membrane
Sinus
Central axis of the body
Axial skeleton
Axial skeleton consists of
Skull, hyoid, vertebral column, and thoracic cage
Skeleton consisting of appendages and girdles
Appendicular skeleton
Appendicular skeleton consists of
Pectoral girdle and upper extremity and pelvic girdle and lower extremity
How many neurocranial bones are there?
8
Which neurocranial bones are unpaired?
Frontal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid
Which neurocranial bones are paired?
Parietal and temporal
Which facial bones are paired?
Maxilla, zygomatic, basal, lacrimal, palatine, and inferior nasal concha
Which facial bones are unpaired
Mandible and vomer
How many facial bones are there?
14
Separate aspects of the temporal bone
Mastoid process, external acoustic meatus, styloid process, and mandibular fossa
Separate aspects of the occipital bone
External occipital protuberance, occipital condyle, and foramen magnum
Separate aspects of the sphenoid bone
Lesser wing, sella turcia, greater wing, pterygoid process, optic canal, and superior orbital fissure
Mature sutures of the skull
Coronal suture, squamosal suture, lambdoid suture, sagittal suture
Soft spots during cranial development where bones have not yet fused at birth
Fontanelles
Function of fontanelles
Allows for more growth during childhood and flexibility during birth
All closed by 1.5-2 yrs of age
Aspects of the bony nasal septum, ethmoid and vomer
Lateral mass consisting of Christa galli and perpendicular plate
Aspect proximal to the maxilla
Alveolar process
Types of portions that the palate has
Hard and soft
Hard palate characteristics
Palatine processes of maxilla and palatine bones
Soft palate characteristics
Soft tissue behind hard palate
Incomplete growth or fusion of bones during development
Cleft lip and palate
What connects the zygomatic bone to the temporal bone?
Zygomatic arch
What is the zygomatic arch composed of?
Composed of processes from temporal bone and zygomatic bone
What does nasal and maxillary bones form?
Bridge of nose
Where do tears from orbit drain?
Through nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity
Spaces within cranial bones
Paranasal sinuses
Types of paranasal sinuses
Frontal sinus, ethmoid air cells, maxillary sinus, and sphenoid sinus
Parts of the mandible
Alveolar process and mental protuberance make up body
Mandibular foramen, mandibular condyle and coronoid process make up ramus
Mandibular fossa of temporal bone and mandibular condyle connect by a modified hinge joint
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
Components/function of temporomandibular joint
Articular disc of fibrocartilage divides joint into superior and inferior compartments
Function to open mouth completely by the hinge and glide forward
Clinical problem when the mouth opens too wide causing the mandibular condyle to move anterior to the articular eminence, resulting in the mouth stuck open
TMJ Dislocation
Name for depressions within the cranium
Cranial fossae
Types of cranial fossae
Posterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, and anterior cranial fossa
Types of cranial foramina
Cribriform plate, optic canal, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, foramen lacerum, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, and foramen magnum
Three bones found in the middle ear cavity that conduct sound waves from the tympanic membrane (ear drum) to the inner ear (cochlea). Known as auditory ossicles
Malleus, incus, and stapes
Pathway of sound in the ear
Pinna to external auditory canal (ear canal) to tympanic membrane (ear drum) to malleus, incus, and stapes to cochlea and finally to auditory nerve
Hyoid
Serves as muscle attachment site for muscles above and below the neck
Does not articulate with any other bone
Parts of the hyoid
Greater horn, lesser horn, body
