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Anatomy > 4. Articulations/Joints > Flashcards

4. Articulations/Joints Flashcards

1
Q

What is a joint?

A

Place of contact between two or more bones (articulation)

Some joints are very mobile, others immobile

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2
Q

Mobility/stability relationship of joints

A

More planes or motion = reduced stability

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3
Q

How is joint stability increased?

A

Muscular support and ligamentous attachment

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4
Q

How are joints classified

A

By structure or function

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5
Q

Structural classifications of joints

A

Fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial

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6
Q

Joint that connects bones connected and made of dense regular connective tissue

A

Fibrous joint

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7
Q

Joint that connects bones by plates of cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joint

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8
Q

Articular capsule with joint cavity

A

Synovial joint

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9
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Gomphosis, sutures, and syndesmosis

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10
Q

Characteristics and example of gomphosis

A

Immobile and consist of small amounts of dense connective tissue

Ex) teeth and sockets

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11
Q

Characteristics and example of sutures

A

Immobile and consist of small amount of dense connective tissue with irregular edges

Ex) skull bones

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12
Q

What does irregular edges do for sutures

A

Increases surface area, which increases stability

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13
Q

Characteristics and example of syndesmosis

A

Slightly mobile and consists of large amounts of dense regular connective tissues

Ex) interosseous membrane of tibia-fibula and radius-ulna

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14
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondrosis and symphysis

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15
Q

Characteristics and example of synchondrosis

A

Immobile and connected by hyaline cartilage

Ex) 1st rib-manubrium, epiphyseal plates

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16
Q

Characteristics and example of symphysis

A

Slightly mobile and connected by fibrocartilage

Ex) intervertebral discs, pubic symphysis

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17
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Planar, hinge, pivot, saddle, condylar, and ball-socket

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18
Q

Characteristics of synovial joints

A

Very mobile, consists of articular capsule with joint cavity, lined by articular/hyaline cartilage, and stable due to ligaments/muscles

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19
Q

Components of articular capsule of synovial joints

A

Fibrous capsule for support

Synovial membrane that lines joint cavity and secretes synovial fluid

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20
Q

Joint movement that decreases angle

A

Flexion

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21
Q

Joint movement that increases angle

A

Extension

22
Q

Joint movement away from midline

A

Abduction

23
Q

Joint movement toward midline

A

Adduction

24
Q

Joint movement rotating outward

A

Lateral rotation

25
Q

Joint movement rotating inward

A

Medial rotation

26
Q

Joint movement superiorly

A

Elevation

27
Q

Joint movement inferiorly

A

Depression

28
Q

Joint movement forward

A

Protraction

29
Q

Joint movement backward

A

Retraction

30
Q

Joint movement where palm is rotated anteriorly

A

Supination

31
Q

Joint movement where palm is rotated posteriorly

A

Pronation

32
Q

Joint movement of sole of foot inward

A

Inversion

33
Q

Joint movement of sole of foot outward

A

Eversion

34
Q

Joint movement of elevating foot

A

Dorsiflexion

35
Q

Joint movement of depressing foot

A

Plantar flexion

36
Q

Types of movement at synovial joints

A

Nonaxial, uniaxial, biaxial, multiaxial

37
Q

Movement in which bones slide across each other on plane (not around an axis)

A

Nonaxial movement

38
Q

Movement around one axis

A

Uniaxial movement

39
Q

Movement around 2 axes/planes
Ex) front to back and side to side

A

Biaxial movement

40
Q

Movement around all three axes/planes
Ex) front to back, side to side, rotation/twisting

A

Multiaxial movement

41
Q

Flat articular surface that undergoes nonaxial movement via gliding

A

Plane joint

42
Q

Examples of plane joints

A

Intercarpal joints, intertarsal joints, and joints between vertebral articular surfaces

43
Q

Joint consisting of a cylinder and trough that undergoes uniaxial movement via flexion and extension

A

Hinge joint

44
Q

Examples of hinge joints

A

Elbow joints and interphalangeal joints

45
Q

Joint consisting of a sleeve and axle that undergoes uniaxial movement via rotation

A

Pivot joint

46
Q

Examples of pivot joints

A

Proximal radioulnar joints, atlantoaxial joint

47
Q

Joint consisting of oval articular surfaces that undergoes biaxial movement via flexion/extension and adduction/abduction

A

Condylar joint

48
Q

Examples of condylar joints

A

Metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) joints, wrist joints

49
Q

Joint consisting of articular surfaces that are both concave and convex and undergoes biaxial movement via adduction/abduction and flexion/extension

A

Saddle joint

50
Q

Examples of saddle joints

A

Carpometacarpal joints of the thumbs

51
Q

Joint consisting of a cup (socket) and spherical head (ball) that undergoes multiaxial movement via flexion/extension, adduction/abduction, and rotation

A

Ball-and-socket joint

52
Q

Examples of ball-and-socket joints

A

Shoulder joints and hip joints

Anatomy (29 decks)

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