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Anatomy > 25/26. Blood Vessels > Flashcards

25/26. Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of arteries

A

Carry blood away from heart
Depicted in red

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2
Q

Basics of veins

A

Carry blood towards the heart
Often depicted in blue
Generally multiple veins paired with single artery

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3
Q

3 layers common to arteries and veins and space within

A

Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica externa (adventitia)
Space within called lumen

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4
Q

Tunica intima

A

Deepest, simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)

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5
Q

Tunica media

A

Contains smooth muscle to control blood flow
Thicker in arteries than veins

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6
Q

Tunica externa

A

Outer layer
Connective tissue anchors vessels to other structures

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7
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Contraction of smooth muscle in tunica media
Decreases blood flow through lumen

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8
Q

Vasodilation

A

Relax smooth muscle in tunica media
Increases blood flow through lumen

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9
Q

Types of arteries

A

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, and arterioles

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10
Q

Characteristics of elastic arteries

A

Largest, closest to heart
Elastic fibers allow expansion when blood is pumped
E.g., aorta, pulmonary, brachiocephalic, common carotid, subclaviam, and common iliac arteries
Branch into musclar arteries

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11
Q

Characteristics of muscular arteries

A

Medium-sized arteries distribute blood to organs & tissues
Less elastic tissue and relatively thicker tunica media
Control flow of blood with smooth muscle
Branch into arterioles

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12
Q

Characteristics of arterioles

A

Smallest arteries
Smallest arterioles only have endothelium and single layer of smooth muscle
Branch into capillaries

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13
Q

Characteristics of Capillaries

A

Smallest blood vessels
Only one RBC can pass through a capillary at a time
Form a “bed” or branching of vessels for exchange of gases & nutrients
Composed of tunica intima (endothelium & basement membrane)

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14
Q

Types of veins

A

Venules and veins

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15
Q

Characteristics of venules

A

Smallest of veins
Run with arterioles
Have thin layer of smooth muscle, little ability to vasoconstrict
Merge to form larger venules, then veins

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16
Q

Characteristics of veins

A

Small & medium veins run with muscular arteries
Large veins run with elastic arteries
Low pressure in veins, need valves for one-way flow

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17
Q

Skeletal muscle pump

A

Skeletal muscle contraction and relaxation help move venous blood
Muscles squeeze veins, push blood towards heart
Inactivity results in greater risk of clot formation

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18
Q

Respiratory pump

A

IVC ascends in abdomen and thorax
Does not have skeletal muscle pump, assist from diaphragm
Inhalation - diaphragm flattens and increases abdominal pressure, lowers thoracic pressure, and blood in IVC is pushed towards heart

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19
Q

Arteries leaving the heart

A

Right and left common carotid arteries, right and left subclavian arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, ascending aorta, aortic arch, and thoracic aorta

20
Q

Parts of the Common carotid artery

A

Splits into internal and external carotid arteries
Internal carotid passes through skull to supply brain
External carotid supplies superficial structures of head and neck

21
Q

Branches of external carotid artery and where they supply

A

Superior thyroid a. - supply thyroid gland
Lingual a. - supply tongue
Facial a. - supply face
Occipital a. - supply back of head
Maxillary a. - supply muscles of mastication and teeth
Superficial temporal a. - supply scalp

22
Q

Characteristics of vertebral arteries

A

Branches from subclavian arteries
Travel superiorly in transverse foramina in cervical vertebrae
Enter cranium through foramen magnum
Left and right arteries join to form basilar artery

23
Q

Blood supply to the brain consists of

A

Internal carotid arteries and vertebral arteries

24
Q

Characteristics of internal carotid arteries

A

Branch into anterior and middle cerebral arteries
Anterior cerebral arteries connect via anterior communicating arteries

25
Q

Characteristics of vertebral arteries supplying the brain

A

Form basilar artery
Basilar artery gives off left and right posterior cerebral arteries
Posterior cerebral arteries connect to internal carotid arteries through posterior communicating arteries

26
Q

What is the circle of Willis

A

Circle of arteries supplying the brain
Formed by posterior cerebral, posterior communicating, internal carotid, anterior cerebral, and anterior communicating arteries

27
Q

Arteries that supply blood to upper extremities

A

Subclavian artery travels over first rib and under clavicle and becomes axillary artery
Axillary artery supplies shoulder and lateral thorax and becomes brachial artery as it passes Teres major muscle
Brachial artery supplies blood to arm and splits into radial and ulnar arteries after passing elbow
Radial and ulnar arteries supply forearm and wrist before splitting into superficial and deep palmar arches which supply the hand

28
Q

Blood supply to thorax

A

Aorta arches back and to the left becoming the descending or thoracic aorta
Thoracic aorta gives off posterior intercostal arteries
Internal thoracic arteries are on either side of sternum, branch from subclavian arteries, and give off anterior intercostal arteries, which anastomose with posterior intercostal arteries

29
Q

Blood supply to the abdomen

A

Thoracic aorta passes the diaphragm to become the abdominal aorta (has 3 unpaired central branches)
Paired renal arteries supply the kidneys
Gonadal arteries supply gonads
Abdominal artery splits into left and right common iliac arteries

30
Q

Branches of abdominal aorta

A
  1. Celiac trunk- supplies stomach, liver, spleen, gallbladder, pancreas, and duodenum
  2. Superior mesenteric artery- supplies jejunum, ileum, appendix, ascending colon and transverse colon
  3. Inferior mesenteric artery- supplies descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum
31
Q

Iliac arteries

A

Common iliac arteries enter pelvis and divide into internal and external iliac arteries
Internal iliacs supply pelvic organs, gluteal region, and external genitalia
External iliacs leave pelvis to become femoral arteries in the thigh

32
Q

Arteries in lower extremity

A

Supplies the muscles of the thigh
Passes through back of knee (popliteal fossa) to become the popliteal artery
In the leg, popliteal artery branches into anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery, and fibular artery

33
Q

Where to arteries of the leg supply

A

Anterior tibial artery: supply anterior compartment of leg and dorsum of foot
Posterior tibial artery: supply posterior compartment of leg and plantar foot
Fibular artery: supply lateral compartment of leg

34
Q

Veins approaching the heart

A

Right and left internal jugular veins, right and left subclavian veins, right and left brachiocephalic veins, and superior and inferior vena cava

35
Q

External jugular vein

A

Superficial to sternocleidomastoid
Carries blood from neck and scalp
Joins with internal jugular vein at base of neck

36
Q

Internal jugular vein

A

Begins at jugular foramen (base of skull)
Carries blood from brain (dural sinuses), orbit, and face
Deep to sternocleidomastoid

37
Q

Deep veins of upper extremity

A

Run with arteries with the same name
Radial and ulnar veins drain blood from hand and forearm and join near elbow as brachial vein
Brachial vein drains blood from arm and becomes axillary vein in the axilla
Axillary vein receives blood from shoulder, lateral thoracic wall, and upper extremity and becomes subclavian vein under clavicle
Subclavian vein joins with internal jugular vein to become the brachiocephalic vein

38
Q

Superficial veins do upper extremity and how they connect

A

Also called cutaneous veins
Basilic vein runs along medial side of arm and forearm, joins axillary vein
Cephalic vein runs along lateral side of arm and forearm, joins subclavian vein
Median cubital vein connects Cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital fossa (common place for venipuncture)

39
Q

Veins of the thorax- azgos system

A

Posterior intercostal veins drain blood from intercostal spaces
Left and right sides include different veins
Azygos vein returns blood to superior vena cava

40
Q

Veins of right and left sides of thorax

A

Right side includes azygos vein that collects blood from posterior intercostals
Left side:
Lower left region has hemiazygos vein that collects blood from posterior intercostals
Upper left region has accessory hemiazygos vein that collects blood from posterior intercostals
Both return blood to azygos vein

41
Q

Portal vs caval drainage

A

Drainage of venous blood in the abdomen proceeds directly into the inferior vena cava (caval system) or the hepatic portal vein (portal system)
Caval system: Receives blood from liver, kidneys, gonads, pelvic organs, external genitalia, and lower extremities
Portal system: receives blood from the intestines to be filtered in the liver

42
Q

Characteristics of Caval system (IVC)

A

IVC receives blood from renal veins (draining from kidneys) and gonadal veins(draining from gonads)
IVC splits into the right and left common iliac veins

43
Q

Iliac veins

A

Each common iliac vein splits into an internal and external iliac vein
Internal iliac receives blood from pelvic organs, external genitalia, and gluteal region
External iliac receives blood from lower extremity, becomes the femoral vein in thigh

44
Q

Deep veins of lower extremity

A

Posterior tibial vein drains blood from the foot and posterior compartment of leg
Anterior tibial vein drains from anterior compartment of leg
Fibular vein drains blood from lateral compartment of leg
All 3 veins join to form popliteal vein behind knee
Popliteal vein moves around the medial side of the thigh to become the femoral vein that drains the thigh

45
Q

Superficial veins of lower extremity

A

Great saphenous vein travels along medial leg and thigh collecting superficial blood of lower extremity and empties into femoral vein in upper thigh
Small saphenous vein travels along posterior leg collecting superficial blood from leg and empties into popliteal vein

46
Q

Portal system

A

Hepatic portal vein receives blood from the digestive tract and accessory organs to be filtered by liver
Nutrients and harmful blood agents are removed
Filtered blood in liver sent to IVC
Superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, and splenic veins empty into hepatic portal vein

Anatomy (29 decks)

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