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PHARM 110 > 5 - Muscles > Flashcards

5 - Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

1st class lever

A
  • fulcrum is b/w load & effort
  • ex. seesaw, scissors
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2
Q

2nd class lever

A
  • load is b/w fulcrum & effort
  • ex. wheelbarrow
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3
Q

3rd class lever

A
  • effort is applied b/w fulcrum & load
  • ex. tweezers, most skeletal muscles
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4
Q

A muscle that crosses on the anterior side of joint causes…

A

flexion

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5
Q

A muscle that crosses on the lateral side of a joint causes …

A

abduction

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6
Q

A muscle that crosses on the medial side of a joint causes…

A

adduction

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7
Q

A muscle that crosses on the posterior side of joint causes…

A

extension

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8
Q

Mechanical Advtangae

A
  • power lever
  • load is close to fulcrum, effort is far from fulcrum
  • small effort moves large load
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8
Q

Actions of the shoulder/pectoral girdle?

A
  • elevation
  • depression
  • rotation
  • lateral & medial movements
  • protraction
  • retraction
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9
Q

Mechanical Disadvantage

A
  • speed lever
  • load far from fulcrum, effort close to fulcrum
  • load moved rapidly over large distance
  • wide range of motion
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10
Q

Muscles for Swallowing (Infrahyoid)

A
  • TOSS
  • Thyrohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
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11
Q

Muscles for Swallowing (Suprahyoid)

A

Good Samaritan Does Marathon

  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric
  • Mylohyoid
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12
Q

Muscles for Tongue Movements

A
  • Genioglossus
  • Hyoglossus
  • Styloglossus
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13
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression (Face)

A
  • Corrugator supercilli
  • Orbicularis Oculi
  • Zygomaticus
  • Risorius
  • Levator labii superioris
  • Depressor labii inferioris
  • Deppressor anguli oris
  • Orbicularis oris
  • Mentalis
  • Buccinator
  • Platysma
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14
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression (scalp)

A
  • Epicranius (occipitofrontalis) -> frontal belly & occipital belly
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15
Q

Muscles of Mastication

A
  • Masseter
  • Temporalis
  • Medial Pterygoid
  • Lateral Pterygoid
  • Buccinator
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16
Q

Muscles of Neck & Vertebral Column (Anterolateral neck muscles)

A
  • sternocleidomastoid
  • scalenes
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17
Q

Muscles of Neck & Vertebral column (Intrinsic muscles of the back)

A
  • Splenius
  • Erector spinae - Iliocostalis & Longissimus & Spinalis
  • Semispinalis
  • Quadratus lumborum
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18
Q

prime hip abductor

A
  • gluteus medius
  • Synergist: sartorius, tensor fascia lata, gluteus maximus & minimus, piriformis, obturator internus & externus
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19
Q

Prime hip adductor

A
  • adductor magnus, longus & brevis, pectineus, gracilis
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20
Q

Prime hip lateral rotator

A
  • sartorius, gluteus maximus, piriformis, obturator internus & externus, gemelli, quadratus femoris
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21
Q

Prime hip medial rotator

A
  • tensor fascia lata, adductor muscles, pectineus, gracilis, gluteus medius & minimus
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22
Q

Prime knee flexor

A
  • biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
  • Synergist: sartorius, gracilis, gastrocnemius, plantaris, popliteus
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23
Q

Prime move finger extension

A
  • extensor digitorum (& abducts), extensor pollicis longus & brevis (thumb), extonsor indicis (pointer finger)
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24
Q

prime mover ankle eversion

A
  • fibularis tertius & fibularis longus & brevis
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25
Q

prime mover dorsiflexion

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • Synergist: extensor digitorum longus, fibularis tertius, extensor hallicis longus
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26
Q

Prime mover finger flexion

A
  • flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus
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27
Q

Prime mover for flexion at shoulder joint

A
  • deltoid (anterior fibers)
  • synergists: coracobrachialis & biceps brachii
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28
Q

prime mover hip extension

A
  • gluteus maximus & biceps femoris
  • Synergist: adductor magnus, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
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29
Q

Prime mover knee extension

A
  • rectus femoris & vastus muscles
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30
Q

Prime mover of abduction at shoulder joint

A
  • deltoid
  • synergist: supraspinatus
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31
Q

Prime mover of adduction at shoulder joint

A
  • pectoralis major & latissimus dorsi
  • synergists: teres minor, corachobrachialis, triceps brachii
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32
Q

prime mover of ankle inversion

A
  • tibialis posterior
  • Synergist: tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
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33
Q

Prime Mover of back extension

A
  • Erector Spinae -> Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
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34
Q

Prime mover of elbow extension

A
  • triceps brachii
  • synergist: aconeus
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35
Q

Prime mover of elbow flexion

A
  • bieps brachii & brachialis
  • synergists: pronator teres & brachioradialis
36
Q

Prime mover of extension at shoulder joint

A
  • latissimus dorsi & deltoid (posterior fibers)
  • synergist: teres major
37
Q

Prime mover of Hip flexion

A
  • Iliopsoas
  • Synergist: Sartorius, tensor fascia lata, rectus femoris, adductor muscles, pectineus
38
Q

Prime mover of pronation

A
  • pronator quadratus
  • synergist: pronator teres
39
Q

Prime mover of supination

A
  • supinator & biceps brachii
40
Q

Prime mover plantar flexion

A
  • gastrocnemius & soleus
  • Synergist: fibularis longus & brevis, plantaris, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, tibialis posterior
41
Q

prime mover toe extension

A
  • extensor digitorum longus & extensor hallucis longus (big toe)
42
Q

prime mover toe flexion

A
  • flexor digitorum longus & flexor hallucis longus (big toe)
43
Q

Prime mover wrist abduction

A
  • flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis), abductor pollicis longus
44
Q

Prime mover wrist adduction

A
  • flexor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi ulnaris
45
Q

Prime movers of medial rotation at shoulder joint

A
  • subscapularis
  • synergists: pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, teres major, deltoid (anterior fibers)
46
Q

Prime movers wrist extension

A
  • extensor carpi radialis (longus & brevis), extensor digitorum, extensor carpi ulnaris
  • synergist: extensor indicis
47
Q

Prime movers wrist flexion

A
  • flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis
  • synergists: palmaris longus & flexor digitorum profundus
48
Q

Primer mover of lateral rotation at shoulder joint

A
  • infraspinatus & teres minor
  • synergist: deltoid (posterior fibers)
49
Q

What actions do the lateral lower leg muscles do?

A
  • plantar flexion & eversion of the foot
50
Q

What are the 2 groups of Forearm muscles?

A
  • Anterior - mainly flexors
  • Posterior - mainly extensors
51
Q

What are the 2 groups of shoulder girdle muscles?

A
  • muscles of the anterior thorax
  • muscles of the posterior thorax
52
Q

What are the 2 other Posterior Forearm muscles?

A
  • Aconeus
  • Brachioradialis
53
Q

What are the 3 Erector Spinae muscles? What do they do?

A
  • Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis
  • prime movers for back extension
  • during full flexion (touching the floor) they are relaxed
54
Q

What are the 3 groups of leg muscles (at ankles & toes)?

A
  • Anterior (shin) x4
  • Lateral x2
  • Posterior (calf) x7
55
Q

What are the 3 prime movers of the arm?

A
  • Pectoralis major
  • Latissimus dorsi
  • Deltoid
56
Q

What are the actions of Forearm muscles?

A
  • movements of wrists, fingers, & thumbs
  • pronation & supination of forearm
57
Q

What are the actions of the abdominal wall muscles?

A
  • lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk
  • promote urination, defecation, childbirth, vomiting, coughing, screaming
58
Q

What are the actions of the posterior lower leg muscles (calf)?

A
  • plantar flex the ankle
59
Q

What are the Anterior Muscles crossing the Elbow Joint?

A
  • Biceps brachii
  • Brachialis
  • Brachioradialis
60
Q

What are the anterior muscles of the leg?

A
  • Quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius)
  • Tensor fascia lata
  • knee extensors!!!
61
Q

What are the Anterior muscles of the lower leg?

A
  • “shin muscles”
  • Tibialis anterior
  • Extensor digitorum longus
  • Fibularis tertius
  • Extensor hallucis longus
62
Q

What are the Deep Anterior Forearm Muscles?

A
  • flexor pollicis longus
  • flexor digitorum profundus
  • pronator quadratus
63
Q

What are the Deep Posterior Forearm Muscles?

A
  • supinator
  • abductor pollicis longus
  • extensor pollicis brevis & longus
  • extensor indicis
64
Q

What are the Expiratory muscles?

A
  • mainly relaxation of Diaphragm & External Intercostals
  • forced expiration by contraction of Internal Intercostals
65
Q

What are the functions of the pelvic diaphragm?

A
  • seals inferior outlet of pelvis
  • supports pelvic organs
  • lifts pelvic floor to help release feces
  • resists increased intra-abdominal pressure
66
Q

What are the groups of the Leg muscles?

A
  • anterior muscles (quads)
  • posterior muscles (hamstrings)
  • medial muscles (adductors)
67
Q

What are the Inspiratory muscles?

A
  • Diaphragm & External intercostals
68
Q

What are the lateral leg muscles (at ankle & toes)?

A
  • fibularis longus
  • fibularis brevis
69
Q

What are the main actions of anterior leg (shin) muscles?

A
  • toe extensors & ankle dorsiflexors
70
Q

What are the Medial muscles of the thigh?

A
  • Adductors (adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis)
  • pectineus
  • gracilis
71
Q

What are the muscles of Abdominal wall?

A
  • rectus abdominus
  • external obliques
  • internal obliques
  • transversus abdominus
72
Q

What are the muscles of the Anterior Thorax?

A
  • Pectoralis minor
  • Serratus anterior
  • Subclavis
73
Q

What are the muscles of the Pelvic Diaphragm?

A
  • Levator ani
  • Coccygeus
74
Q

What are the muscles of the Superficial Perineal Space?

A
  • Ischiocavernosus
  • Bulbospongiosus
  • Superificial transverse perineal muscles
75
Q

What are the muscles of the Superificial Posterior Thorax?

A
  • Trapezius
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboids
76
Q

What are the muscles of the Urogenital Diaphragm?

A
  • deep transvere perineal muscle
  • external urethral sphincter
77
Q

What are the posterior lower leg muscles?

A
  • “calf” muscles
  • Superficial - triceps surae (Gastrocnemius & Soleus)
  • Deep - Popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallicus longus, tibialis posterior
78
Q

What are the Posterior muscles crossing the Elbow Joint?

A
  • Triceps brachii
  • Anconeus
79
Q

What are the rotator cuff muscles?

A
  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
80
Q

What are the Superficial Anterior Forearm Muscles?

A
  • pronator teres
  • flexor carpir radialis
  • palmaris longus
  • flexor carpi ulnaris
  • flexor digitorum superficialis
81
Q

What are the Superficial Posterior Forearm Muscles?

A
  • extensor carpi radialis longus
  • extensor carpi radialis brevis
  • extensor digitorum
  • extensor digiti minimi
  • extensor carpi ulnaris
82
Q

What do the Coracobrachialis & Teres Major do?

A
  • Act as synergists for arm muscles
83
Q

What is the Lever formula?

A

Effort x length of effort arm = Load x length of load arm

(force x distance) = (resistance x distance)

84
Q

What is the Origin of most Anterior Forearm muscles?

A
  • Medial epicondyle of Humerus (MEH)
85
Q

What muscles cause pronation?

A
  • Pronator teres & pronator quadratus
86
Q

What muscles make up the posterior group of thigh?

A
  • hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitensinosus, semimembranosus)
87
Q

What is the shoulder girdle/pectoral girdle?

A
  • the set of bones (clavicle & scapula) which connects the arm to the appendicular skeleton

PHARM 110 (12 decks)

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